The German Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10): Evaluation of Dimensionality, Validity, and Measurement Invariance With Exploratory and Confirmatory Bifactor Modeling
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In: Assessment (ASM), Vol. 26, No. 7, 01.10.2019, p. 1246-1259.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The German Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)
T2 - Evaluation of Dimensionality, Validity, and Measurement Invariance With Exploratory and Confirmatory Bifactor Modeling
AU - Reis, Dorota
AU - Lehr, Dirk
AU - Heber, Elena
AU - Ebert, David Daniel
PY - 2019/10/1
Y1 - 2019/10/1
N2 - The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a popular instrument for measuring the degree to which individuals appraise situations in their lives as excessively uncontrollable and overloaded. Despite its widespread use (e.g., for evaluating intervention effects in stress management studies), there is still no agreement on its factor structure. Hence, the aim of the present study was to examine the dimensionality, measurement invariance (i.e., across gender, samples, and time), reliability, and validity of the PSS. Data from 11,939 German adults (73% women) were used to establish an exploratory bifactor model for the PSS with one general and two specific factors and to cross-validate this model in a confirmatory bifactor model. The model displayed strong measurement invariance across gender and was replicated in Study 2 in data derived from six randomized controlled trials investigating a web-based stress management training. In Study 2 (overall N = 1,862), we found strong temporal invariance. Also, our analyses of concurrent and predictive validity showed associations with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and insomnia severity for the three latent PSS factors. These results show the implications of the bifactor structure of the PSS that might be of consequence in empirical research.
AB - The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a popular instrument for measuring the degree to which individuals appraise situations in their lives as excessively uncontrollable and overloaded. Despite its widespread use (e.g., for evaluating intervention effects in stress management studies), there is still no agreement on its factor structure. Hence, the aim of the present study was to examine the dimensionality, measurement invariance (i.e., across gender, samples, and time), reliability, and validity of the PSS. Data from 11,939 German adults (73% women) were used to establish an exploratory bifactor model for the PSS with one general and two specific factors and to cross-validate this model in a confirmatory bifactor model. The model displayed strong measurement invariance across gender and was replicated in Study 2 in data derived from six randomized controlled trials investigating a web-based stress management training. In Study 2 (overall N = 1,862), we found strong temporal invariance. Also, our analyses of concurrent and predictive validity showed associations with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and insomnia severity for the three latent PSS factors. These results show the implications of the bifactor structure of the PSS that might be of consequence in empirical research.
KW - Psychology
KW - bifactor modeling
KW - measurement invariance
KW - Perceived Stress Scale
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071896909&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/1073191117715731
DO - 10.1177/1073191117715731
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 28627220
AN - SCOPUS:85071896909
VL - 26
SP - 1246
EP - 1259
JO - Assessment (ASM)
JF - Assessment (ASM)
SN - 1552-3489
IS - 7
ER -