Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
Authors
Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology |
| Volume | 52 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| Pages (from-to) | 231-258 |
| Number of pages | 28 |
| ISSN | 0022-0221 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 04.2021 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was funded by a Grant from the National Science Centre in Poland (Grant Number: 2017/26/M/HS6/00360) awarded to Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka. Data collection by the following researchers was supported by Grants as follows: Emma C. O’Connor (Grant RL5GM118963 from National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health; Angel Gomez (Grant RTI2018-093550-B-I00 from the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain); Sylvie Graf and Martina Hřebíčková (Grant 20-01214S from the Czech Science Foundation, and Grant RVO: 68081740 from the Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences); Teri A. Kirby (Grant ES/S00274X/1 from the Economic and Social Research Council); Soledad de Lemus (Grant PSI2016-79971-P from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the excellence); Michelle K. Ryan and Renata Bongiorno (Grant ERC-2016-COG 725128 from the European Research Council awarded to Michelle K. Ryan); Marie Gustafsson Sendén, Anna Lindqvist and Emma Renström (Grant 2017-00414 from the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare); Claudio V. Torres (Grant DPI / DIRPE n. 04/2019 from the University of Brasilia).
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2021.
- ambivalence toward men, ambivalent sexism, precarious manhood beliefs, psychometric isomorphism
- Psychology