Personal initiative at work: Differences between East and West Germany
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In: Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 39, No. 1, 01.02.1996, p. 37-63.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Personal initiative at work
T2 - Differences between East and West Germany
AU - Frese, Michael
AU - Kring, Wolfgang
AU - Soose, Andrea
AU - Zempel, Jeannette
PY - 1996/2/1
Y1 - 1996/2/1
N2 - Personal initiative, a concept akin to entrepreneurship and organizational spontaneity, was compared in East and West Germany. Differences were hypothesized to be the results of occupational socialization, particularly of work control and complexity, rather than of a selection effect. A representative longitudinal study was conducted in the East and a cross-sectional study in the West. Lower initiative at work was found in the East; control and complexity affected changes in initiative. The results speak for socialization and against selection.
AB - Personal initiative, a concept akin to entrepreneurship and organizational spontaneity, was compared in East and West Germany. Differences were hypothesized to be the results of occupational socialization, particularly of work control and complexity, rather than of a selection effect. A representative longitudinal study was conducted in the East and a cross-sectional study in the West. Lower initiative at work was found in the East; control and complexity affected changes in initiative. The results speak for socialization and against selection.
KW - Business psychology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030306772&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2307/256630
DO - 10.2307/256630
M3 - Journal articles
AN - SCOPUS:0030306772
VL - 39
SP - 37
EP - 63
JO - Academy of Management Journal
JF - Academy of Management Journal
SN - 0001-4273
IS - 1
ER -