Maternal smoking and offspring inattention and hyperactivity: results from a cross-national European survey

Research output: Journal contributionsJournal articlesResearchpeer-review

Authors

  • Viviane Kovess
  • Katherine M. Keyes
  • Ava Hamilton
  • Ondine Pez
  • Adina Bitfoi
  • Ceren Koç
  • Dietmar Goelitz
  • Rowella Kuijpers
  • Sigita Lesinskiene
  • Zlatka Mihova
  • Roy Otten
  • C. Fermanian
  • Daniel J. Pilowsky
  • Ezra Susser

In utero exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes; the association with later childhood mental health outcomes remains controversial. We used a strategy involving comparison of maternal and paternal smoking reports in a sample pooling data from six diverse European countries. Data were drawn from mother (N = 4,517) and teacher (N = 4,611) reported attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in school children aged 6–11 in Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Germany, and the Netherlands, surveyed in 2010. Mothers report on self and husband’s smoking patterns during the pregnancy period. Logistic regression used with control covariates including demographics, maternal distress, live births, region, and post-pregnancy smoking. In unadjusted models, maternal prenatal smoking was associated with probable ADHD based on mother [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.82, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 1.45–2.29], teacher (OR = 1.69, 95 % CI 1.33–2.14) and mother plus teacher (OR = 1.49, 95 % CI 1.03–2.17) report. Paternal prenatal smoking was similarly associated with probable ADHD in unadjusted models. When controlled for relevant confounders, maternal prenatal smoking remained a risk factor for offspring probable ADHD based on mother report (OR = 1.44, 95 % CI 1.06–1.96), whereas the effect of paternal prenatal smoking diminished (e.g., mother report: OR = 1.17, 95 % CI 0.92–1.49). Drawing on data from a diverse set of countries across Europe, we document that the association between maternal smoking and offspring ADHD is stronger than that of paternal smoking during the pregnancy period and offspring ADHD. To the extent that confounding is shared between parents, these results reflect a potential intrauterine influence of smoking on ADHD in children.

Original languageEnglish
JournalEuropean Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume24
Issue number8
Pages (from-to)919-929
Number of pages11
ISSN1018-8827
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 06.08.2015

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This project had been financed by the European Union, grant number 2006336.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

    Research areas

  • Health sciences - ADHD, Hyperactivity, Smoking, Pernatal Smoking, In Utero tobacco

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