Landfills as sources of polyfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and musk fragrances to ambient air
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In: Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 45, No. 4, 02.2011, p. 935-941.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Landfills as sources of polyfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and musk fragrances to ambient air
AU - Weinberg, Ingo
AU - Dreyer, Annekatrin
AU - Ebinghaus, Ralf
PY - 2011/2
Y1 - 2011/2
N2 - In order to investigate landfills as sources of polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and synthetic musk fragrances to the atmosphere, air samples were simultaneously taken at two landfills (one active and one closed) and two reference sites using high volume air samplers. Contaminants were accumulated on glass fiber filters (particle phase) and PUF/XAD-2/PUF cartridges (gas phase), extracted by methyl-tert butyl ether/acetone (neutral PFCs), methanol (ionic PFCs) or hexane/acetone (PBDEs, musk fragrances), and detected by GC-MS (neutral PFCs, PBDEs, musk fragrances) or HPLC-MS/MS (ionic PFCs). Total concentrations ranged from 84 to 706 pg m-3 (volatile PFCs, gas phase), from <MQL to 42 pg m-3 (ionic PFCs, particle phase), from 204 to 1963 pg m-3 (synthetic musk fragrances, gas + particle phase) and from 1 to 11 pg m-3 (PBDEs, gas + particle phase). Observed sum concentrations of PFCs and synthetic musk fragrances and partly PBDE concentrations were elevated at landfill sites compared to corresponding reference sites. Concentrations determined at the active landfill were higher than those of the inactive landfill. Overall, landfills can be regarded as a source of synthetic musk fragrances, several PFCs and potentially of PBDEs to ambient air.
AB - In order to investigate landfills as sources of polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and synthetic musk fragrances to the atmosphere, air samples were simultaneously taken at two landfills (one active and one closed) and two reference sites using high volume air samplers. Contaminants were accumulated on glass fiber filters (particle phase) and PUF/XAD-2/PUF cartridges (gas phase), extracted by methyl-tert butyl ether/acetone (neutral PFCs), methanol (ionic PFCs) or hexane/acetone (PBDEs, musk fragrances), and detected by GC-MS (neutral PFCs, PBDEs, musk fragrances) or HPLC-MS/MS (ionic PFCs). Total concentrations ranged from 84 to 706 pg m-3 (volatile PFCs, gas phase), from <MQL to 42 pg m-3 (ionic PFCs, particle phase), from 204 to 1963 pg m-3 (synthetic musk fragrances, gas + particle phase) and from 1 to 11 pg m-3 (PBDEs, gas + particle phase). Observed sum concentrations of PFCs and synthetic musk fragrances and partly PBDE concentrations were elevated at landfill sites compared to corresponding reference sites. Concentrations determined at the active landfill were higher than those of the inactive landfill. Overall, landfills can be regarded as a source of synthetic musk fragrances, several PFCs and potentially of PBDEs to ambient air.
KW - Air
KW - Emission
KW - Landfill
KW - PBDE
KW - PFAS
KW - PFC
KW - Waste
KW - Chemistry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=78650966420&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.011
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.011
M3 - Journal articles
AN - SCOPUS:78650966420
VL - 45
SP - 935
EP - 941
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
SN - 1352-2310
IS - 4
ER -