Genotoxic effect of ciprofloxacin during photolytic decomposition monitored by the in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit) in HepG2 cells

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Genotoxic effect of ciprofloxacin during photolytic decomposition monitored by the in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit) in HepG2 cells. / Garcia-Käufer, Manuel; Bergheim, Marlies; Gminski, Richard et al.
In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 19, No. 5, 06.2012, p. 1719-1727.

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Garcia-Käufer M, Bergheim M, Gminski R, Gupta P, Mathur N, Kümmerer K et al. Genotoxic effect of ciprofloxacin during photolytic decomposition monitored by the in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit) in HepG2 cells. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2012 Jun;19(5):1719-1727. doi: 10.1007/s11356-011-0686-y

Bibtex

@article{799b25aa476a4dbeaf5572b36f05d409,
title = "Genotoxic effect of ciprofloxacin during photolytic decomposition monitored by the in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit) in HepG2 cells",
abstract = "Purpose: Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a broad-spectrum, second-generation fluoroquinolone, has frequently been found in hospital wastewaters and effluents of sewage treatment plants. CIP is scarcely biodegradable, has toxic effects on microorganisms and is photosensitive. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic potential of CIP in human HepG2 liver cells during photolysis. Methods: Photolysis of CIP was performed in aqueous solution by irradiation with an Hg lamp, and transformation products were monitored by HPLC-MS/MS and by the determination of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CIP and of the irradiated samples were determined after 24 h of exposure using the WST-1 assay and the in vitro micronucleus (MN) test in HepG2 cells. Results: The concentration of CIP decreased during photolysis, whereas the content of DOC remained unchanged. CIP and its transformation products were not cytotoxic towards HepG2 cells. A concentration-dependent increase of MN frequencies was observed for the parent compound CIP (lowest observed effect level, 1. 2 μmol L -1). Furthermore, CIP and the irradiated samples were found to be genotoxic with a significant increase relative to the parent compound after 32 min (P < 0. 05). A significant reduction of genotoxicity was found after 2 h of irradiation (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: Photolytic decomposition of aqueous CIP leads to genotoxic transformation products. This proves that irradiated samples of CIP are able to exert heritable genotoxic effects on human liver cells in vitro. Therefore, photolysis as a technique for wastewater treatment needs to be evaluated in detail in further studies, not only for CIP but in general.",
keywords = "Chemistry, Ciprofloxacin, Cytotoxicity, Fluoroquinolones, Genotoxicity, Hepatoma cell line (HepG2), Micronucleus test (MNvit), Photo-oxidation, Photolysis, Transformation products, Wastewater treatment, Sustainability Science",
author = "Manuel Garcia-K{\"a}ufer and Marlies Bergheim and Richard Gminski and Preeti Gupta and Nupur Mathur and Klaus K{\"u}mmerer and Volker Mersch-Sundermann and Tarek Haddad",
year = "2012",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1007/s11356-011-0686-y",
language = "English",
volume = "19",
pages = "1719--1727",
journal = "Environmental Science and Pollution Research",
issn = "1614-7499",
publisher = "Springer",
number = "5",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Genotoxic effect of ciprofloxacin during photolytic decomposition monitored by the in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit) in HepG2 cells

AU - Garcia-Käufer, Manuel

AU - Bergheim, Marlies

AU - Gminski, Richard

AU - Gupta, Preeti

AU - Mathur, Nupur

AU - Kümmerer, Klaus

AU - Mersch-Sundermann, Volker

AU - Haddad, Tarek

PY - 2012/6

Y1 - 2012/6

N2 - Purpose: Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a broad-spectrum, second-generation fluoroquinolone, has frequently been found in hospital wastewaters and effluents of sewage treatment plants. CIP is scarcely biodegradable, has toxic effects on microorganisms and is photosensitive. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic potential of CIP in human HepG2 liver cells during photolysis. Methods: Photolysis of CIP was performed in aqueous solution by irradiation with an Hg lamp, and transformation products were monitored by HPLC-MS/MS and by the determination of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CIP and of the irradiated samples were determined after 24 h of exposure using the WST-1 assay and the in vitro micronucleus (MN) test in HepG2 cells. Results: The concentration of CIP decreased during photolysis, whereas the content of DOC remained unchanged. CIP and its transformation products were not cytotoxic towards HepG2 cells. A concentration-dependent increase of MN frequencies was observed for the parent compound CIP (lowest observed effect level, 1. 2 μmol L -1). Furthermore, CIP and the irradiated samples were found to be genotoxic with a significant increase relative to the parent compound after 32 min (P < 0. 05). A significant reduction of genotoxicity was found after 2 h of irradiation (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: Photolytic decomposition of aqueous CIP leads to genotoxic transformation products. This proves that irradiated samples of CIP are able to exert heritable genotoxic effects on human liver cells in vitro. Therefore, photolysis as a technique for wastewater treatment needs to be evaluated in detail in further studies, not only for CIP but in general.

AB - Purpose: Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a broad-spectrum, second-generation fluoroquinolone, has frequently been found in hospital wastewaters and effluents of sewage treatment plants. CIP is scarcely biodegradable, has toxic effects on microorganisms and is photosensitive. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxic potential of CIP in human HepG2 liver cells during photolysis. Methods: Photolysis of CIP was performed in aqueous solution by irradiation with an Hg lamp, and transformation products were monitored by HPLC-MS/MS and by the determination of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CIP and of the irradiated samples were determined after 24 h of exposure using the WST-1 assay and the in vitro micronucleus (MN) test in HepG2 cells. Results: The concentration of CIP decreased during photolysis, whereas the content of DOC remained unchanged. CIP and its transformation products were not cytotoxic towards HepG2 cells. A concentration-dependent increase of MN frequencies was observed for the parent compound CIP (lowest observed effect level, 1. 2 μmol L -1). Furthermore, CIP and the irradiated samples were found to be genotoxic with a significant increase relative to the parent compound after 32 min (P < 0. 05). A significant reduction of genotoxicity was found after 2 h of irradiation (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: Photolytic decomposition of aqueous CIP leads to genotoxic transformation products. This proves that irradiated samples of CIP are able to exert heritable genotoxic effects on human liver cells in vitro. Therefore, photolysis as a technique for wastewater treatment needs to be evaluated in detail in further studies, not only for CIP but in general.

KW - Chemistry

KW - Ciprofloxacin

KW - Cytotoxicity

KW - Fluoroquinolones

KW - Genotoxicity

KW - Hepatoma cell line (HepG2)

KW - Micronucleus test (MNvit)

KW - Photo-oxidation

KW - Photolysis

KW - Transformation products

KW - Wastewater treatment

KW - Sustainability Science

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84863205735&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11356-011-0686-y

DO - 10.1007/s11356-011-0686-y

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 22161117

VL - 19

SP - 1719

EP - 1727

JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research

JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research

SN - 1614-7499

IS - 5

ER -