Brominated flame retardants and dechlorane plus in the marine atmosphere from Southeast Asia toward Antarctica
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In: Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 46, No. 6, 20.03.2012, p. 3141-3148.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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T1 - Brominated flame retardants and dechlorane plus in the marine atmosphere from Southeast Asia toward Antarctica
AU - Möller, Axel
AU - Xie, Zhiyong
AU - Cai, Minghong
AU - Sturm, Renate
AU - Ebinghaus, Ralf
PY - 2012/3/20
Y1 - 2012/3/20
N2 - The occurrence, distribution, and temperature dependence in the marine atmosphere of several alternative brominated flame retardants (BFRs), Dechlorane Plus (DP) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated during a sampling cruise from the East Indian Archipelago toward the Indian Ocean and further to the Southern Ocean. Elevated concentrations were observed over the East Indian Archipelago, especially of the non-PBDE BFR hexabromobenzene (HBB) with concentrations up to 26 pg m-3 which were found to be related to continental air masses from the East Indian Archipelago. Other alternative BFRs- pentabromotoulene (PBT), pentabromobenzene (PBBz), and 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE)-were elevated, too, with concentrations up to 2.8, 4.3, and 2.3 pg m-3, respectively. DP was detected from 0.26 to 11 pg m-3 and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)- tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) ranged from not detected (nd) to 2.8 pg m -3, respectively. PBDEs ranged from nd to 6.6 pg m-3 (∑10PBDEs) with the highest individual concentrations for BDE-209. The approach of Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) plots indicates that HBB is dominated by long-range atmospheric transport at lower temperatures over the Indian and Southern Ocean, while volatilization processes and additional atmospheric emissions dominate at higher temperatures. In contrast, BDE-28 and -47 are dominated by long-range transport without fresh emissions over the entire cruise transect and temperature range, indicating limited fresh emissions of the meanwhile classic PBDEs.
AB - The occurrence, distribution, and temperature dependence in the marine atmosphere of several alternative brominated flame retardants (BFRs), Dechlorane Plus (DP) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated during a sampling cruise from the East Indian Archipelago toward the Indian Ocean and further to the Southern Ocean. Elevated concentrations were observed over the East Indian Archipelago, especially of the non-PBDE BFR hexabromobenzene (HBB) with concentrations up to 26 pg m-3 which were found to be related to continental air masses from the East Indian Archipelago. Other alternative BFRs- pentabromotoulene (PBT), pentabromobenzene (PBBz), and 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE)-were elevated, too, with concentrations up to 2.8, 4.3, and 2.3 pg m-3, respectively. DP was detected from 0.26 to 11 pg m-3 and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)- tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) ranged from not detected (nd) to 2.8 pg m -3, respectively. PBDEs ranged from nd to 6.6 pg m-3 (∑10PBDEs) with the highest individual concentrations for BDE-209. The approach of Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) plots indicates that HBB is dominated by long-range atmospheric transport at lower temperatures over the Indian and Southern Ocean, while volatilization processes and additional atmospheric emissions dominate at higher temperatures. In contrast, BDE-28 and -47 are dominated by long-range transport without fresh emissions over the entire cruise transect and temperature range, indicating limited fresh emissions of the meanwhile classic PBDEs.
KW - Chemistry
KW - Antarctica
KW - Atmospheric emission
KW - Atmospheric transport
KW - Bde-209
KW - Brominated flame retardants
KW - Brominated flame retardants (BFRs)
KW - Continental air mass
KW - Dechlorane plus
KW - Elevated concentrations
KW - Hexabromobenzene
KW - Higher temperatures
KW - Indian ocean
KW - Long range transport
KW - Marine atmosphere
KW - Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs)
KW - Southeast Asia
KW - Southern ocean
KW - Temperature dependence
KW - Temperature range
KW - Volatilization process
UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858638752&origin=inward&txGid=0
U2 - 10.1021/es300138q
DO - 10.1021/es300138q
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 22376139
AN - SCOPUS:84858638752
VL - 46
SP - 3141
EP - 3148
JO - Environmental Science & Technology
JF - Environmental Science & Technology
SN - 0013-936X
IS - 6
ER -