The present article subjects current action-theoretical reconstructions of the formal and functional specifics of the words UND and ABER to a critical analysis. This is done largely within the framework of Functional Pragmatics, as well as by taking into account the two-volume "Handbuch der deutschen Konnektoren" ('Handbook of German Connectors') among others, which is included here because of its topicality and thematic relevance, although it is not tied to an action-theoretical concept of language. The critical review of current research concludes that the specificity of both words is often overestimated, the formal demands they make on their use are not very high, and their functionality turns out to be 'simple'. However, this 'simplicity' should not be confused with banality. The contribution that these operative words make to the communication process between speakers and listeners is as elemental as it is decisive: both words are aimed at the management of expectations which are formed simultaneously as mental structures on the speaker's and the listener's side of the linear communication process and are in constant need of processing.