This chapter will describe some of the main characteristics of the Brazilian Cerrado, defined as a biome which constitutes around 22% of the national territory. The prevention and control deforestation in the Cerrado will be discussed, focusing on the burning practices, their traditional reasons, Brazilian laws, directives and plans to conservation, recovery and sustainable management of the biome, emphasizing the value of the local population, and some alternatives to revert the negative environmental impacts, as it is one of the hotspots for biodiversity conservation in the world.