Total consumer exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in North America and Europe
Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet
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Total consumer exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in North America and Europe. / Trudel, David; Scheringer, Martin; von Goetz, Natalie et al.
in: Environmental Science & Technology, Jahrgang 45, Nr. 6, 15.03.2011, S. 2391-2397.Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Total consumer exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in North America and Europe
AU - Trudel, David
AU - Scheringer, Martin
AU - von Goetz, Natalie
AU - Hungerbühler, Konrad
PY - 2011/3/15
Y1 - 2011/3/15
N2 - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used as flame retardants in textiles, polyurethane foams, and plastics. PBDEs exert toxic effects in various organisms, including humans, and are ubiquitous in the outdoor and indoor environment. Here we estimate total daily PBDE doses received by consumers in North America and Europe, along with the most important pathways and congeners, and derive PBDE elimination half-lives for chronic exposure. We estimate distributions for all parameters (PBDE concentrations in exposure media, food consumption rates, etc.) and conduct a probabilistic exposure assessment. We find that Americans are exposed the most, likely due to stricter fire regulations, followed by consumers from the UK and Continental Europe. In the central quantiles of the exposure distributions derived, food is the dominant pathway; in the upper quantiles either food or oral and dermal exposure to dust. This reflects the lipophilic and persistent nature of PBDEs and their use in products for indoor-use. Median elimination half-lives are in a range of 1-3 years except for BDE-153 with about seven years and BDE-209 with 4-7 days.
AB - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used as flame retardants in textiles, polyurethane foams, and plastics. PBDEs exert toxic effects in various organisms, including humans, and are ubiquitous in the outdoor and indoor environment. Here we estimate total daily PBDE doses received by consumers in North America and Europe, along with the most important pathways and congeners, and derive PBDE elimination half-lives for chronic exposure. We estimate distributions for all parameters (PBDE concentrations in exposure media, food consumption rates, etc.) and conduct a probabilistic exposure assessment. We find that Americans are exposed the most, likely due to stricter fire regulations, followed by consumers from the UK and Continental Europe. In the central quantiles of the exposure distributions derived, food is the dominant pathway; in the upper quantiles either food or oral and dermal exposure to dust. This reflects the lipophilic and persistent nature of PBDEs and their use in products for indoor-use. Median elimination half-lives are in a range of 1-3 years except for BDE-153 with about seven years and BDE-209 with 4-7 days.
KW - Chemistry
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Aged
KW - Child
KW - Child, Preschool
KW - Diet
KW - Environmental Exposure
KW - Environmental Pollutants
KW - Europe
KW - Flame Retardants
KW - Female
KW - Half-Life
KW - Food Analysis
KW - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
KW - Humans
KW - Infant
KW - Infant, Newborn
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - North America
KW - Young Adult
U2 - 10.1021/es1035046
DO - 10.1021/es1035046
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 21348481
VL - 45
SP - 2391
EP - 2397
JO - Environmental Science & Technology
JF - Environmental Science & Technology
SN - 0013-936X
IS - 6
ER -