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Prepare to Compare: Effects of an Intervention Involving Upward and Downward Social Comparisons on Goal Pursuit in Daily Life

Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet

Authors

  • Kathi Diel
  • Wilhelm Hofmann
  • Sonja Grelle
  • Lea Boecker
  • Malte Friese

In a preregistered ecological momentary intervention study, we alternately instructed participants to adopt an upward and downward comparison focus. In all, 349 participants reported 8,137 social comparison situations across 6 days and three comparison conditions (baseline, upward, downward). For each comparison, participants reported social comparison direction, motivation, effort intentions, and emotions in five daily reports and one daily end-of-day summary. As predicted, an upward comparison focus resulted in more self-improvement motivation (pushing) and more negative emotions, whereas days with a downward comparison focus resulted in decreased motivation (coasting) but more positive emotions (vs. baseline). However, at the end of the day, people experienced lower goal approach on upward but higher goal approach on downward comparison days. Hence, engaging in strategic upward comparison was motivating in the short term but resulted in surprisingly opposite effects at the end of the day. We offer possible explanations from cognitive and motivational perspectives.

OriginalspracheEnglisch
ZeitschriftPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Anzahl der Seiten15
ISSN0146-1672
DOIs
PublikationsstatusElektronische Veröffentlichung vor Drucklegung - 30.01.2024

Bibliographische Notiz

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

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DOI