TY - JOUR

T1 - Occurrence and Air-sea exchange of phthalates in the Arctic

AU - Xie, Zhiyong

AU - Ebinghaus, Ralf

AU - Temme, Christian

AU - Lohmann, Rainer

AU - Caba, Armando

AU - Ruck, Wolfgang

PY - 2007/7/1

Y1 - 2007/7/1

N2 - Air and seawater samples were taken simultaneously to investigate the distribution and air-sea gas exchange of phthalates in the Arctic onboard the German Research Ship FS Polarstern. Samples were collected on expeditions ARK XX1&2 from the North Sea to the high Arctic (60° N-85° N) in the summer of 2004. The concentration of Σ6 phthalates (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP),di-i-butyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)) ranged from 30 to 5030 pg L-1 in the aqueous dissolved phase and from 1110 to 3090 pg m-3 in the atmospheric gas phase. A decreasing latitudinal trend was present in the seawater and to a lesser degree in the atmosphere from the Norwegian coast to the high Arctic. Overall, deposition dominated the air-sea gas exchange for DEHP, while volatilization from seawater took place in the near-coast environment. The estimated net gas deposition of DEHP was 5, 30, and 190 t year-1 for the Norwegian Sea, the Greenland Sea, and the Arctic, respectively. This suggests that atmospheric transport and deposition of phthalates is a significant process for their occurrence in the remote Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

AB - Air and seawater samples were taken simultaneously to investigate the distribution and air-sea gas exchange of phthalates in the Arctic onboard the German Research Ship FS Polarstern. Samples were collected on expeditions ARK XX1&2 from the North Sea to the high Arctic (60° N-85° N) in the summer of 2004. The concentration of Σ6 phthalates (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP),di-i-butyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)) ranged from 30 to 5030 pg L-1 in the aqueous dissolved phase and from 1110 to 3090 pg m-3 in the atmospheric gas phase. A decreasing latitudinal trend was present in the seawater and to a lesser degree in the atmosphere from the Norwegian coast to the high Arctic. Overall, deposition dominated the air-sea gas exchange for DEHP, while volatilization from seawater took place in the near-coast environment. The estimated net gas deposition of DEHP was 5, 30, and 190 t year-1 for the Norwegian Sea, the Greenland Sea, and the Arctic, respectively. This suggests that atmospheric transport and deposition of phthalates is a significant process for their occurrence in the remote Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

KW - Chemistry

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34447256309&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/9dc57144-b479-3f6a-bd04-2e8123723d02/

U2 - 10.1021/es0630240

DO - 10.1021/es0630240

M3 - Journal articles

VL - 41

SP - 4555

EP - 4560

JO - Environmental Science & Technology

JF - Environmental Science & Technology

SN - 0013-936X

IS - 13

ER -