Identification of perfluoroalkyl acid sources in Swiss surface waters with the help of the artificial sweetener acesulfame
Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet
Standard
in: Environmental Pollution, Jahrgang 159, Nr. 5, 01.05.2011, S. 1419-1426.
Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of perfluoroalkyl acid sources in Swiss surface waters with the help of the artificial sweetener acesulfame
AU - Müller, Claudia E.
AU - Gerecke, Andreas C.
AU - Alder, Alfredo C.
AU - Scheringer, Martin
AU - Hungerbühler, Konrad
N1 - Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2011/5/1
Y1 - 2011/5/1
N2 - Anthropogenic perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), especially the perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are ubiquitously found in surface waters around the globe. Emissions from households, industries and also atmospheric transport/deposition are discussed as the possible sources. In this study, these sources are evaluated using Switzerland as the study area. Forty-four surface water locations in different rivers and an Alpine lake were investigated for 14 PFAAs, four precursors and acesulfame, an artificial sweetener used as a population marker. Concentrations of individual PFAAs were generally low, between 0.02 and 10 ng/L. Correlation analysis showed that some PFAAs concentrations correlated well with population and less with catchment area, indicating that emissions from population, i.e., from consumer products, is the most important source to surface waters in Switzerland. The correlation with the population marker acesulfame confirmed this observation but highlighted also a few elevated PFAA levels, some of which could be attributed to industrial emissions.
AB - Anthropogenic perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), especially the perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are ubiquitously found in surface waters around the globe. Emissions from households, industries and also atmospheric transport/deposition are discussed as the possible sources. In this study, these sources are evaluated using Switzerland as the study area. Forty-four surface water locations in different rivers and an Alpine lake were investigated for 14 PFAAs, four precursors and acesulfame, an artificial sweetener used as a population marker. Concentrations of individual PFAAs were generally low, between 0.02 and 10 ng/L. Correlation analysis showed that some PFAAs concentrations correlated well with population and less with catchment area, indicating that emissions from population, i.e., from consumer products, is the most important source to surface waters in Switzerland. The correlation with the population marker acesulfame confirmed this observation but highlighted also a few elevated PFAA levels, some of which could be attributed to industrial emissions.
KW - Chemistry
KW - Carboxylic Acids
KW - Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated
KW - Fresh Water
KW - Switzerland
KW - Population Density
KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical
KW - Thiazines
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.12.035
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.12.035
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 21310517
VL - 159
SP - 1419
EP - 1426
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
SN - 0269-7491
IS - 5
ER -