TY - JOUR

T1 - Energy-aware system design for autonomous wireless sensor nodes

T2 - A comprehensive review

AU - Kanoun, Olfa

AU - Bradai, Sonia

AU - Khriji, Sabrine

AU - Bouattour, Ghada

AU - El Houssaini, Dhouha

AU - Ben Ammar, Meriam

AU - Naifar, Slim

AU - Bouhamed, Ayda

AU - Derbel, Faouzi

AU - Viehweger, Christian

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: The publication of this article was funded by Chemnitz University of Technology. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2021/1/14

Y1 - 2021/1/14

N2 - Nowadays, wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly important in several sectors including industry, transportation, environment and medicine. This trend is reinforced by the spread of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in almost all sectors. Autonomous energy supply is thereby an essential aspect as it decides the flexible positioning and easy maintenance, which are decisive for the acceptance of this technology, its wide use and sustainability. Significant improvements made in the last years have shown interesting possibilities for realizing energy-aware wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) by designing manifold and highly efficient energy converters and reducing energy consumption of hardware, software and communication protocols. Using only a few of these techniques or focusing on only one aspect is not sufficient to realize practicable and market relevant solutions. This paper therefore provides a comprehensive review on system design for battery-free and energy-aware WSN, making use of ambient energy or wireless energy transmission. It addresses energy supply strategies and gives a deep insight in energy management methods as well as possibilities for energy saving on node and network level. The aim therefore is to provide deep insight into system design and increase awareness of suitable techniques for realizing battery-free and energy-aware wireless sensor nodes.

AB - Nowadays, wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly important in several sectors including industry, transportation, environment and medicine. This trend is reinforced by the spread of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in almost all sectors. Autonomous energy supply is thereby an essential aspect as it decides the flexible positioning and easy maintenance, which are decisive for the acceptance of this technology, its wide use and sustainability. Significant improvements made in the last years have shown interesting possibilities for realizing energy-aware wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) by designing manifold and highly efficient energy converters and reducing energy consumption of hardware, software and communication protocols. Using only a few of these techniques or focusing on only one aspect is not sufficient to realize practicable and market relevant solutions. This paper therefore provides a comprehensive review on system design for battery-free and energy-aware WSN, making use of ambient energy or wireless energy transmission. It addresses energy supply strategies and gives a deep insight in energy management methods as well as possibilities for energy saving on node and network level. The aim therefore is to provide deep insight into system design and increase awareness of suitable techniques for realizing battery-free and energy-aware wireless sensor nodes.

KW - Compressive sensing

KW - Energy efficiency

KW - Energy harvesting

KW - Energy man-agement

KW - Energy prediction

KW - Energy saving

KW - Hybrid energy harvesting

KW - Wake-up receiver

KW - Wireless energy transfer

KW - Wireless sensor networks

KW - Engineering

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099388480&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/57116674-baf3-376b-b331-bf45f8ee717f/

U2 - 10.3390/s21020548

DO - 10.3390/s21020548

M3 - Scientific review articles

C2 - 33466681

AN - SCOPUS:85099388480

VL - 21

JO - Sensors

JF - Sensors

SN - 1424-8239

IS - 2

M1 - 548

ER -