TY - JOUR

T1 - DownLink amplified loss function module for 5G air to terrestrial communication networks

AU - Armghan, Ammar

AU - Aldkeelalah, Sultan S.

AU - Hamdi, Monia

AU - Asklany, Somia

AU - Lhioui, Chahira

AU - Hamdaoui, Rim

AU - Mercorelli, Paolo

AU - Elrashidi, Ali

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 Armghan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

PY - 2025/9

Y1 - 2025/9

N2 - Combining air-to-ground network experiences with Fifth Generation (5G) communications, inferred path loss and Doppler impacts on communication dependability due to the difference in downlink sampling rates of receiver amplification gain intensities. This work addresses the challenges of route loss and Doppler effects in dynamic communication scenarios by integrating air-to-ground communication concepts with 5G networks. This research combines air-to-ground communication concepts with 5G networks to improve signal dependability, compensating for path loss and Doppler effects. The introduced Down-Link Amplified Loss Function Module (DALFM) dynamically adjusts amplification and sampling procedures to offset transmission losses. The module optimizes signal gain with a recurrent learning architecture to provide dependable communication under various conditions. Experimental validation attests that DALFM enhances transmission gain by 8.12%, sample rate by 10.67%, and reduces path loss by 9.57%. The findings bring their capacity to enhance 5G air-to-terrestrial networks into perspective, paving the way for more solid and flexible wireless communication.

AB - Combining air-to-ground network experiences with Fifth Generation (5G) communications, inferred path loss and Doppler impacts on communication dependability due to the difference in downlink sampling rates of receiver amplification gain intensities. This work addresses the challenges of route loss and Doppler effects in dynamic communication scenarios by integrating air-to-ground communication concepts with 5G networks. This research combines air-to-ground communication concepts with 5G networks to improve signal dependability, compensating for path loss and Doppler effects. The introduced Down-Link Amplified Loss Function Module (DALFM) dynamically adjusts amplification and sampling procedures to offset transmission losses. The module optimizes signal gain with a recurrent learning architecture to provide dependable communication under various conditions. Experimental validation attests that DALFM enhances transmission gain by 8.12%, sample rate by 10.67%, and reduces path loss by 9.57%. The findings bring their capacity to enhance 5G air-to-terrestrial networks into perspective, paving the way for more solid and flexible wireless communication.

KW - Engineering

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105016645164&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0332303

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0332303

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 40961034

AN - SCOPUS:105016645164

VL - 20

JO - PLoS ONE

JF - PLoS ONE

SN - 1932-6203

IS - 9

M1 - e0332303

ER -