TY - JOUR

T1 - Development and validation of a green and practical method for studying pesticides and related chemical compounds in bee pollen samples by UAE-LC-QTOF-MS

AU - Fuente-Ballesteros, Adrián

AU - Tian, Lei

AU - Liu, Lan

AU - Ares, Ana M.

AU - Bayen, Stéphane

AU - Bernal, José

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

PY - 2025/9

Y1 - 2025/9

N2 - A novel analytical methodology was developed to quantify 79 pesticides and related chemical compounds in bee pollen samples using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. An optimal sample treatment was proposed (average analyte recoveries between 72 % and 120 %), involving ultrasound-assisted extraction with acetonitrile, followed by a 1:10 dilution. The environmental impact and practicality of the method were assessed using various analytical metrics, classifying it as green and blue. The method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, limits of detection (0.06 – 30 ng g−1) and quantification (0.2 – 97 ng g−1), matrix effect, linearity, precision, and trueness. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the target analytes in thirty Canadian multifloral bee pollen samples from different sources (commercial or experimental apiaries), but no pesticide residues were detected.

AB - A novel analytical methodology was developed to quantify 79 pesticides and related chemical compounds in bee pollen samples using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. An optimal sample treatment was proposed (average analyte recoveries between 72 % and 120 %), involving ultrasound-assisted extraction with acetonitrile, followed by a 1:10 dilution. The environmental impact and practicality of the method were assessed using various analytical metrics, classifying it as green and blue. The method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, limits of detection (0.06 – 30 ng g−1) and quantification (0.2 – 97 ng g−1), matrix effect, linearity, precision, and trueness. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the target analytes in thirty Canadian multifloral bee pollen samples from different sources (commercial or experimental apiaries), but no pesticide residues were detected.

KW - bee pollen

KW - food analysis

KW - food safety

KW - green analytical chemistry

KW - LC-QTOF-MS

KW - pesticides

KW - UAE

KW - Chemistry

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105005506113

U2 - 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107765

DO - 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107765

M3 - Journal articles

AN - SCOPUS:105005506113

VL - 145

JO - Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

JF - Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

SN - 0889-1575

M1 - 107765

ER -