Nature-based solutions (NbS) havegained considerable traction in scienceand policy, but their potential to delivertransformative change remainsunexplored. We provide a framework toassess NbS under a transformativechange lens and operationalize it through93 NbS from mountain regions globally.We found evidence of NbS’ potential fortransformative change towardsustainable trajectories, mostly through acombination of various nature’s valuesand knowledge types, communityengagement processes, and ecosystemmanagement practices.