TY - CHAP

T1 - 4. Personal initiative

T2 - An active performance concept for work in the 21st century

AU - Frese, Michael

AU - Fay, Doris

PY - 2001/1/1

Y1 - 2001/1/1

N2 - This article reports on the development of a concept of personal initiative (PI). Personal initiative is a work behavior defined as self-starting and proactive that overcomes barriers to achieve a goal. It is argued that future workplaces will require people to show more PI than before, and that current concepts of performance and organizational behavior are more reactive than desirable. The facets of PI are developed along the lines of goals, information collection, plans, and feedback. Personal initiative enables people to deal with job difficulties more actively, for example, with stressors, unemployment, career changes, or becoming an entrepreneur. High PI changes the work situation of employees and relates to success as an entrepreneur. Personal initiative is seen to sharpen and partly modify the concepts of reciprocal determinism, organizational citizenship behavior, innovation, entrepreneurship, work performance, intrinsic motivation, and self-regulation.

AB - This article reports on the development of a concept of personal initiative (PI). Personal initiative is a work behavior defined as self-starting and proactive that overcomes barriers to achieve a goal. It is argued that future workplaces will require people to show more PI than before, and that current concepts of performance and organizational behavior are more reactive than desirable. The facets of PI are developed along the lines of goals, information collection, plans, and feedback. Personal initiative enables people to deal with job difficulties more actively, for example, with stressors, unemployment, career changes, or becoming an entrepreneur. High PI changes the work situation of employees and relates to success as an entrepreneur. Personal initiative is seen to sharpen and partly modify the concepts of reciprocal determinism, organizational citizenship behavior, innovation, entrepreneurship, work performance, intrinsic motivation, and self-regulation.

KW - Business psychology

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=35448930333&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S0191-3085(01)23005-6

DO - 10.1016/S0191-3085(01)23005-6

M3 - Chapter

AN - SCOPUS:35448930333

SN - 0762308427

SN - 978-0-7623-0842-2

T3 - Research in Organizational Behavior

SP - 133

EP - 187

BT - An Annual Series of Analytical Essays and Critical Reviews

A2 - Staw, Barry M.

A2 - Sutton, Robert I.

PB - JAI Press

ER -