The regulation of zero-price markets by the competition authorities in the USA and the EU
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The regulation of zero-price markets by the competition authorities in the USA and the EU. / Jarman, Stephan; Karaman Örsal, Deniz Dilan.
In: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Vol. 21, No. 4, 01.12.2020, p. 315-343.Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The regulation of zero-price markets by the competition authorities in the USA and the EU
AU - Jarman, Stephan
AU - Karaman Örsal, Deniz Dilan
PY - 2020/12/1
Y1 - 2020/12/1
N2 - The modern economy is flooded with products that have no monetary price. However, it is becoming something of an established fact that many zero-price products are not ‘free’ but rather incur costs for consumers in other ways. Many governments intervene in markets when consumers are not being given a fair price for their products. If the costs to consumers for some products are not monetary however, how can governments evaluate whether the costs that consumers are incurring are too high? We seek to answer this question by assessing the approaches of the US and the EU to zero-price markets as informed by their legal and ideological traditions. We offer potential policy solutions while outlining the difficulties that accompany government intervention in zero-price markets and the obstacles when it comes to measuring non-monetary forms of consumer cost.
AB - The modern economy is flooded with products that have no monetary price. However, it is becoming something of an established fact that many zero-price products are not ‘free’ but rather incur costs for consumers in other ways. Many governments intervene in markets when consumers are not being given a fair price for their products. If the costs to consumers for some products are not monetary however, how can governments evaluate whether the costs that consumers are incurring are too high? We seek to answer this question by assessing the approaches of the US and the EU to zero-price markets as informed by their legal and ideological traditions. We offer potential policy solutions while outlining the difficulties that accompany government intervention in zero-price markets and the obstacles when it comes to measuring non-monetary forms of consumer cost.
KW - Economics
KW - Zero-price markets
KW - multi-sides markets
KW - antitrust
KW - anti-competitive behaviour
KW - Google
KW - Microsoft
U2 - 10.1177/1783591720943756
DO - 10.1177/1783591720943756
M3 - Journal articles
VL - 21
SP - 315
EP - 343
JO - Competition and Regulation in Network Industries
JF - Competition and Regulation in Network Industries
SN - 1783-5917
IS - 4
ER -