The influence of threat on perceived spatial distance to out-group members

Research output: Journal contributionsJournal articlesResearchpeer-review

Authors

  • Chiara Fini
  • Pieter Verbeke
  • Sophie Sieber
  • Agnes Moors
  • Marcel Brass
  • Oliver Genschow

A classic example of discriminatory behavior is keeping spatial distance from an out-group member. To explain this social behavior, the literature offers two alternative theoretical options that we label as the “threat hypothesis” and the “shared-experience hypothesis”. The former relies on studies showing that out-group members create a sense of alertness. Consequently, potentially threatening out-group members are represented as spatially close allowing the prevention of costly errors. The latter hypothesis suggests that the observation of out-group members reduces the sharing of somatosensory experiences and, thus, increases the perceived physical distance between oneself and others. In the present paper, we pitted the two hypotheses against each other. In Experiment 1, Caucasian participants expressed multiple implicit “Near/Far” spatial categorization judgments from a Black-African Avatar and a White-Caucasian Avatar located in a 3D environment. Results indicate that the Black-African Avatar was categorized as closer to oneself, as compared with the White-Caucasian Avatar, providing support for “the threat hypothesis”. In Experiment 2, we tested to which degree perceived threat contributes to this categorization bias by manipulating the avatar’s perceived threat orthogonally to group membership. The results indicate that irrespective of group membership, threatening avatars were categorized as being closer to oneself as compared with no threatening avatars. This suggests that provided information about a person and not the mere group membership influences perceived distance to the person.

Original languageEnglish
JournalPsychological Research
Volume84
Issue number3
Pages (from-to)757-764
Number of pages8
ISSN0340-0727
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 01.04.2020
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Recently viewed

Publications

  1. Environmental Indicators for Business
  2. Timing, fragmentation of work and income inequality
  3. Promoting Navigation Health Literacy at the Intersection of Schools and Communities. Development of the Game-Based Intervention Nebolus
  4. Parteispenden
  5. Der gegenwärtige Jazzdiskurs in Deutschland
  6. Mapping
  7. Adapting Growth Models for Digital Startups
  8. Integration eines Open-Source-Lernmanagementsystems an der Medizinischen Fakultät der LMU München
  9. Life satisfaction and the consumption values of partners and friends: Empirical evidence from German panel survey data
  10. Reform oder Ende der ErzieherInnenausbildung
  11. The German Welfare System and the Continuity of Change
  12. Linking modes of research to their scientific and societal outcomes. Evidence from 81 sustainability-oriented research projects
  13. Judgement Practices in the Artistic Field
  14. Transformationsnarrative
  15. Österreich Tourismus vor Weichenstellung: Stagnation oder Wachstum?
  16. Pragmatics and the English Language, Jonathan Culpeper, Michael Haugh. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke (2014), 316 pp., ISBN: 9780230551732
  17. Ein quantitativer Vergleich der subjektiven und objektiven Komplexität von Verkehrssituationen
  18. Teaching learning strategies with a pedagogical agent
  19. ‘Forewarned is Forearmed’: Overcoming Multifaceted Challenges of Digital Innovation Units
  20. Immanent/Economic Trinity
  21. Symbolic Environmental Legislation and Societal Self-Deception
  22. Ecosystem service supply and (in)equality archetypes
  23. The role of social identity in institutional work for sociotechnical transitions
  24. Emotional Human-Machine Interaction: Cues from Facial Expressions
  25. Learning settings to face climate change
  26. Silver Work
  27. Behavioural activation for depression
  28. The impact of mindfulness on the wellbeing and performance of educators
  29. Transformative education
  30. EU Normative Power and Regionalism
  31. Crossmodal Associations Between Olfaction and Vision
  32. Young, Committed, Flexible and Female
  33. "ultraleichte Geste für..."
  34. Computerscreen und Tafelbild
  35. Strategic Spatial Planning
  36. Extension of Biodiesel Aging Mechanism–the Role and Influence of Methyl Oleate and the Contribution of Alcohols Through the Use of Solketal