Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels
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In: Fuel, Vol. 390, 134738, 15.06.2025.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Revealing the aging mechanisms of solketal, oxymethylene ether, and mixtures thereof as promising e-fuels
AU - Lichtinger, Anne
AU - Poller, Maximilian J.
AU - Schröder, Olaf
AU - Türck, Julian
AU - Garbe, Thomas
AU - Krahl, Jürgen
AU - Jakob, Markus
AU - Albert, Jakob
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Authors
PY - 2025/6/15
Y1 - 2025/6/15
N2 - Solketal and oxymethylene ether (OME) are two promising blending candidates for regenerative fuels (e-fuels), which could contribute to a holistic solution to the energy crisis. In this study the thermo-oxidative aging of these two e-fuels in their pure form as well as in binary mixtures with different ratios (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) (vol%) is investigated. Herein, the reaction networks of the thermo-oxidative aging process of both e-fuels and mixtures thereof is elucidated based on intermediates and decomposition products determined via GC–MS. Furthermore, changes of important fuel-specific parameters like kinematic viscosity and density as well as total acid number during aging have been determined. The 3:1 solketal:OME (vol%) mixture exhibits a higher stability to thermo-oxidative aging than the pure fuel components or mixtures with other ratios. The viscosity value of this mixture is within the DIN EN 590 norm after accelerated aging of 72 h (viscosity (72 h) = 4.25 mm2/s)) unlike other blends. The maximum value of the total acid number of this aged mixture reaches only ∼ 29 % of the maximum value of aged pure OME and has the lowest value of all mixtures. Furthermore, the formation of a precipitate could be successfully suppressed in the 3:1 solketal:OME (vol%) mixture different from other mixtures. With these findings, this study contributes to the design of new sustainable fuels for the transport sector.
AB - Solketal and oxymethylene ether (OME) are two promising blending candidates for regenerative fuels (e-fuels), which could contribute to a holistic solution to the energy crisis. In this study the thermo-oxidative aging of these two e-fuels in their pure form as well as in binary mixtures with different ratios (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) (vol%) is investigated. Herein, the reaction networks of the thermo-oxidative aging process of both e-fuels and mixtures thereof is elucidated based on intermediates and decomposition products determined via GC–MS. Furthermore, changes of important fuel-specific parameters like kinematic viscosity and density as well as total acid number during aging have been determined. The 3:1 solketal:OME (vol%) mixture exhibits a higher stability to thermo-oxidative aging than the pure fuel components or mixtures with other ratios. The viscosity value of this mixture is within the DIN EN 590 norm after accelerated aging of 72 h (viscosity (72 h) = 4.25 mm2/s)) unlike other blends. The maximum value of the total acid number of this aged mixture reaches only ∼ 29 % of the maximum value of aged pure OME and has the lowest value of all mixtures. Furthermore, the formation of a precipitate could be successfully suppressed in the 3:1 solketal:OME (vol%) mixture different from other mixtures. With these findings, this study contributes to the design of new sustainable fuels for the transport sector.
KW - Aging mechanism
KW - E-fuels
KW - Fuel mixtures
KW - OME
KW - Solketal
KW - Engineering
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85217952650&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738
DO - 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134738
M3 - Journal articles
AN - SCOPUS:85217952650
VL - 390
JO - Fuel
JF - Fuel
SN - 0016-2361
M1 - 134738
ER -