Photolysis of sulfamethoxypyridazine in various aqueous media: Aerobic biodegradation and identification of photoproducts by LC-UV-MS/MS
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In: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 244-245, 15.01.2013, p. 654-661.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Photolysis of sulfamethoxypyridazine in various aqueous media
T2 - Aerobic biodegradation and identification of photoproducts by LC-UV-MS/MS
AU - Khaleel, Nareman D H
AU - Mahmoud, Waleed M M
AU - Hadad, Ghada M
AU - Abdel-Salam, Randa A
AU - Kümmerer, Klaus
N1 - Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2013/1/15
Y1 - 2013/1/15
N2 - Sulfonamides are one of the most frequently used antibiotics worldwide. Therefore, mitigation processes such as abiotic or biotic degradation are of interest. Photodegradation and biodegradation are the potentially significant removal mechanisms for pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments. The photolysis of sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP) using a medium pressure Hg-lamp was evaluated in three different media: Millipore water pH 6.1 (MW), effluent from sewage treatment plant pH 7.6 (STP), and buffered demineralized water pH 7.4 (BDW). Identification of transformation products (TPs) was performed by LC-UV-MS/MS. The biodegradation of SMP using two tests from the OECD series was studied: Closed Bottle test (OECD 301 D), and Manometric Respirometry test (OECD 301 F). In biodegradation tests, it was found that SMP was not readily biodegradable so it may pose a risk to the environment. The results showed that SMP was removed completely within 128. min of irradiation in the three media, and the degradation rate was different for each investigated type of water. However, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was not removed in BDW and only little DOC removal was observed in MW and STP, thus indicating the formation of TPs. Analysis by LC-UV-MS/MS revealed new TPs formed. The hydroxylation of SMP represents the main photodegradation pathway.
AB - Sulfonamides are one of the most frequently used antibiotics worldwide. Therefore, mitigation processes such as abiotic or biotic degradation are of interest. Photodegradation and biodegradation are the potentially significant removal mechanisms for pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments. The photolysis of sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP) using a medium pressure Hg-lamp was evaluated in three different media: Millipore water pH 6.1 (MW), effluent from sewage treatment plant pH 7.6 (STP), and buffered demineralized water pH 7.4 (BDW). Identification of transformation products (TPs) was performed by LC-UV-MS/MS. The biodegradation of SMP using two tests from the OECD series was studied: Closed Bottle test (OECD 301 D), and Manometric Respirometry test (OECD 301 F). In biodegradation tests, it was found that SMP was not readily biodegradable so it may pose a risk to the environment. The results showed that SMP was removed completely within 128. min of irradiation in the three media, and the degradation rate was different for each investigated type of water. However, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was not removed in BDW and only little DOC removal was observed in MW and STP, thus indicating the formation of TPs. Analysis by LC-UV-MS/MS revealed new TPs formed. The hydroxylation of SMP represents the main photodegradation pathway.
KW - Chemistry
KW - Aquatic environment
KW - Biodegradation
KW - Photodegradation
KW - Sulfonamides
KW - Transformation products
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84872605597&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.059
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.059
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 23183348
VL - 244-245
SP - 654
EP - 661
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
SN - 1873-3336
ER -