TY - JOUR

T1 - Phosphorus status, use and recycling in a Chinese peri-urban region with intensive animal husbandry and cropping systems

T2 - Results from case study in a Sino-German applied research collaboration project

AU - Roelcke, Marco

AU - Heimann, Lisa

AU - Hou, Yong

AU - Guo, Jianbin

AU - Xue, Qiaoyun

AU - Jia, Wei

AU - Ostermann, Anne

AU - Huaitalla, Roxana Mendoza

AU - Engbers, Moritz

AU - Olbrich, Clemens

AU - Scholz, Roland W.

AU - Clemens, Joachim

AU - Schuchardt, Frank

AU - Nieder, Rolf

AU - Liu, Xuejun

AU - Zhang, Fusuo

N1 - Funding Information: Research was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) project "Recycling of organic residues from agricultural and municipal origin in China" (0330847A-H), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST) (2009DFA32710) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)-China Scholarship Council (CSC). A major part of the information was included in a handout for the "Mutual Learning Session" (MLS 1.1) held at the pilot pig farm in Shunyi District of Beijing in June 2013 preceding the 1st Global TraPs (Transdisciplinary Processes for Sustainable Phosphorus Management) World Conference, which was co-funded by the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC). Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2019.

PY - 2019/12/1

Y1 - 2019/12/1

N2 - The Sino-German research collaboration project, "Recycling of organic residues from agricultural and municipal origin in China" (2008-2012), comprising different interdisciplinary research groups, and also German small and medium-sized enterprises, aimed at developing integrated strategies and solutions for the recycling of organic residues in China. In an intensive crop-livestock agricultural region in the Shunyi District of Beijing, five typical cropping systems were investigated. The research was conducted in the form of analyses of phosphorus (P) in soil, plants, animal feed, animal products, manures, mineral and organic fertilizers and the derivation of the corresponding nutrient balances and P flows. The mean annual P balance surplus was 492 kg.ha-1.yr-1 P for the vegetable production system, significantly higher (P<0.05) than that for orchards (130 kg.ha-1.yr-1P) and cereal crops (83 kg.ha-1.yr-1 P). Plant-available P (Olsen-P) concentrations of topsoils (0-20 cm) had good correlations with the amounts of P applied (from mineral and organic sources). Compared to results from the Second Chinese National Soil Survey of 1981, mean concentrations of available P in soils of 19 plots investigated in Shunyi District increased 10-fold (from 7.3 to 60 mg.kg-1) from 1981 to 2009. On average, the critical limit for Olsen-P concentrations (>30 mg.kg-1) that can lead to increased risk of P loss was exceeded in all five cropping systems. With feed additives, the "natural background value" (Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils) of copper and zinc in topsoils was exceeded at several sites. Screening for several substances in the veterinary antibiotic classes of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones revealed widespread topsoil contamination. Calculated livestock densities were 10.6 livestock units per ha arable land in 2007. Animal husbandry is increasingly conducted in large operations, making traditional ways of reuse difficult to apply. Comparing three management systems for treatment of organic residues from a pig farm via aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (biogas) treatment in a life cycle assessment, the resulting cropland demand for a sustainable land application of biogas effluent varied between 139 and 288 ha.yr-1, well above the cropland area owned by the farm (10 ha). The mismatch problems in the above context between business-as-usual and improving performance are framed and discussed as (1) the mismatch between centralized animal husbandry and smallholder farming, (2) the mismatch between livestock density and cropland, (3) nutrient (including P) recycling and increasing organic matter content versus energy production, (4) subsidies for compost production and biogas, as well as (5) advances in the regulatory framework in China.

AB - The Sino-German research collaboration project, "Recycling of organic residues from agricultural and municipal origin in China" (2008-2012), comprising different interdisciplinary research groups, and also German small and medium-sized enterprises, aimed at developing integrated strategies and solutions for the recycling of organic residues in China. In an intensive crop-livestock agricultural region in the Shunyi District of Beijing, five typical cropping systems were investigated. The research was conducted in the form of analyses of phosphorus (P) in soil, plants, animal feed, animal products, manures, mineral and organic fertilizers and the derivation of the corresponding nutrient balances and P flows. The mean annual P balance surplus was 492 kg.ha-1.yr-1 P for the vegetable production system, significantly higher (P<0.05) than that for orchards (130 kg.ha-1.yr-1P) and cereal crops (83 kg.ha-1.yr-1 P). Plant-available P (Olsen-P) concentrations of topsoils (0-20 cm) had good correlations with the amounts of P applied (from mineral and organic sources). Compared to results from the Second Chinese National Soil Survey of 1981, mean concentrations of available P in soils of 19 plots investigated in Shunyi District increased 10-fold (from 7.3 to 60 mg.kg-1) from 1981 to 2009. On average, the critical limit for Olsen-P concentrations (>30 mg.kg-1) that can lead to increased risk of P loss was exceeded in all five cropping systems. With feed additives, the "natural background value" (Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils) of copper and zinc in topsoils was exceeded at several sites. Screening for several substances in the veterinary antibiotic classes of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones revealed widespread topsoil contamination. Calculated livestock densities were 10.6 livestock units per ha arable land in 2007. Animal husbandry is increasingly conducted in large operations, making traditional ways of reuse difficult to apply. Comparing three management systems for treatment of organic residues from a pig farm via aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (biogas) treatment in a life cycle assessment, the resulting cropland demand for a sustainable land application of biogas effluent varied between 139 and 288 ha.yr-1, well above the cropland area owned by the farm (10 ha). The mismatch problems in the above context between business-as-usual and improving performance are framed and discussed as (1) the mismatch between centralized animal husbandry and smallholder farming, (2) the mismatch between livestock density and cropland, (3) nutrient (including P) recycling and increasing organic matter content versus energy production, (4) subsidies for compost production and biogas, as well as (5) advances in the regulatory framework in China.

KW - Balances and nutrient flows

KW - Cropping systems

KW - Life cycle assessment

KW - North China Plain

KW - Transdisciplinary approach

KW - Transdisciplinary studies

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85080882189&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/4ab6993b-2c38-300d-a340-49326b53a9f2/

U2 - 10.15302/J-FASE-2019286

DO - 10.15302/J-FASE-2019286

M3 - Scientific review articles

AN - SCOPUS:85080882189

VL - 6

SP - 388

EP - 402

JO - Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

JF - Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

SN - 2095-7505

IS - 4

ER -