National Cultural Values, Firm’s Cultural Orientation, Innovation and Performance: Testing Cultural Universals and Specific Contingencies Across Five Countries.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the crosscultural validity of the relationship between innovation, entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and performance in five different countries: China, Germany, The Netherlands, Peru, and Russia. We found that innovation and EO are effective in each country, suggesting universal relationships. At the same time, both national culture and cultural orientations of owners moderated the relationship between innovation and performance.
We conclude that entrepreneurship research needs to address culture in order to test the boundaries of theory. Additionally, cross-cultural entrepreneurship research needs to study multiple levels of culture.
Original languageEnglish
Article number4
JournalFrontiers of Entrepreneurship Research
Volume30
Issue number15
Pages (from-to)41-66
Number of pages15
ISSN0740-7416
Publication statusPublished - 2010