Multivariate Optimization of Analytical Methodology and a First Attempt to an Environmental Risk Assessment of β-Blockers in Hospital Wastewater
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In: Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, Vol. 23, No. 9, 25.09.2012, p. 1732-1740.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Multivariate Optimization of Analytical Methodology and a First Attempt to an Environmental Risk Assessment of β-Blockers in Hospital Wastewater
AU - Wilde, Marcelo Luis
AU - Kümmerer, Klaus
AU - Martins, Ayrton F
PY - 2012/9/25
Y1 - 2012/9/25
N2 - This preliminary study evaluated an assessment of the risks arising from environmental exposure to β-blockers from wastewater of an university hospital (University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil). Propranolol showed the highest risk quotient (0.56). The occurrence of β-blockers was evaluated using an analytical procedure SPE‑HPLC-FLD (solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection), optimizing the variables sample pH, water pH, and methanol:acetonitrile:formic acid ratio of the elution stage. The average concentrations of atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol for a sampling period of one week were 2.45 ± 1.14, 4.67 ± 1.63 and 0.70 ± 0.88 μg L–1 in the ‘Emergence’ sewage; 0.95 ± 0.68, 0.70 ± 0.33 and 0.315 ± 0.62 μg L–1 in the ‘HUSM general’ sewage and 1.26 ± 0.47, 1.27 ± 0.35 and 0.56 ± 0.47 μg L–1 in the ‘Receiving waters’, the receptor stream of the effluents, respectively. Propranolol showed an MEC/PNEC ratio > 1, and thus requires more attention in terms of toxicity. The occurrence of β-blockers and the associated environmental risks demonstrate the need of a more efficient treatment system for the hospital wastewater.
AB - This preliminary study evaluated an assessment of the risks arising from environmental exposure to β-blockers from wastewater of an university hospital (University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil). Propranolol showed the highest risk quotient (0.56). The occurrence of β-blockers was evaluated using an analytical procedure SPE‑HPLC-FLD (solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection), optimizing the variables sample pH, water pH, and methanol:acetonitrile:formic acid ratio of the elution stage. The average concentrations of atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol for a sampling period of one week were 2.45 ± 1.14, 4.67 ± 1.63 and 0.70 ± 0.88 μg L–1 in the ‘Emergence’ sewage; 0.95 ± 0.68, 0.70 ± 0.33 and 0.315 ± 0.62 μg L–1 in the ‘HUSM general’ sewage and 1.26 ± 0.47, 1.27 ± 0.35 and 0.56 ± 0.47 μg L–1 in the ‘Receiving waters’, the receptor stream of the effluents, respectively. Propranolol showed an MEC/PNEC ratio > 1, and thus requires more attention in terms of toxicity. The occurrence of β-blockers and the associated environmental risks demonstrate the need of a more efficient treatment system for the hospital wastewater.
KW - Chemistry
KW - risk assessment
KW - hospital wastewater
KW - β-blockers
KW - response surface methodology
KW - SPE-HPLC-FLD
KW - β-blockers
KW - Hospital wastewater
KW - response surface methodology
KW - Risk Assessment
KW - SPE-HPLC-FLD
KW - Sustainability Science
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d1b374c-6fc4-3c00-9203-b07e91abb861/
U2 - 10.1590/S0103-50532012005000035
DO - 10.1590/S0103-50532012005000035
M3 - Journal articles
VL - 23
SP - 1732
EP - 1740
JO - Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
JF - Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
SN - 1678-4790
IS - 9
ER -