Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes - eight hypotheses
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In: Biological Reviews, Vol. 87, No. 3, 08.2012, p. 661-685.
Research output: Journal contributions › Scientific review articles › Research
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes - eight hypotheses
AU - Tscharntke, Teja
AU - Tylianakis, Jason M.
AU - Rand, Tatyana A.
AU - Didham, Raphael K.
AU - Fahrig, Leonore
AU - Batáry, Péter
AU - Bengtsson, Janne
AU - Clough, Yann
AU - Crist, Thomas O.
AU - Dormann, Carsten F.
AU - Ewers, Robert M.
AU - Fründ, Jochen
AU - Holt, Robert D.
AU - Holzschuh, Andrea
AU - Klein, Alexandra-Maria
AU - Kleijn, David
AU - Kremen, Claire
AU - Landis, Doug A.
AU - Laurance, William
AU - Lindenmayer, David
AU - Scherber, Christoph
AU - Sodhi, Navjot S.
AU - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
AU - Thies, Carsten
AU - van der Putten, Wim H.
AU - Westphal, Catrin
PY - 2012/8
Y1 - 2012/8
N2 - Understanding how landscape characteristics affect biodiversity patterns and ecological processes at local and landscape scales is critical for mitigating effects of global environmental change. In this review, we use knowledge gained from human-modified landscapes to suggest eight hypotheses, which we hope will encourage more systematic research on the role of landscape composition and configuration in determining the structure of ecological communities, ecosystem functioning and services. We organize the eight hypotheses under four overarching themes. Section A: ‘landscapemoderation of biodiversity patterns’ includes (1) the landscape species pool hypothesis—the size of the landscape-wide species pool moderates local (alpha) biodiversity, and (2) the dominance of beta diversity hypothesis—landscapemoderated dissimilarity of local communities determines landscape-wide biodiversity and overrides negative local effectsof habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Section B: ‘landscape moderation of population dynamics’ includes (3) the cross-habitat spillover hypothesis—landscape-moderated spillover of energy, resources and organisms across habitats,including between managed and natural ecosystems, influences landscape-wide community structure and associated processes and (4) the landscape-moderated concentration and dilution hypothesis—spatial and temporal changes in landscape composition can cause transient concentration or dilution of populationswith functional consequences. SectionC: ‘landscape moderation of functional trait selection’ includes (5) the landscape-moderated functional trait selection hypothesis—landscape moderation of species trait selection shapes the functional role and trajectory of community assembly, and (6) the landscape-moderated insurance hypothesis—landscape complexity provides spatial and temporal insurance, i.e. high resilience and stability of ecological processes in changing environments. Section D: ‘landscape constraints on conservation management’ includes (7) the intermediate landscape-complexity hypothesis—landscapemoderatedeffectiveness of local conservation management is highest in structurally simple, rather than in cleared (i.e. extremely simplified) or in complex landscapes, and (8) the landscape-moderated biodiversity versus ecosystem service management hypothesis—landscape-moderated biodiversity conservation to optimize functional diversity and relatedecosystem services will not protect endangered species. Shifting our research focus from local to landscape-moderated effects on biodiversity will be critical to developing solutions for future biodiversity and ecosystem service management.
AB - Understanding how landscape characteristics affect biodiversity patterns and ecological processes at local and landscape scales is critical for mitigating effects of global environmental change. In this review, we use knowledge gained from human-modified landscapes to suggest eight hypotheses, which we hope will encourage more systematic research on the role of landscape composition and configuration in determining the structure of ecological communities, ecosystem functioning and services. We organize the eight hypotheses under four overarching themes. Section A: ‘landscapemoderation of biodiversity patterns’ includes (1) the landscape species pool hypothesis—the size of the landscape-wide species pool moderates local (alpha) biodiversity, and (2) the dominance of beta diversity hypothesis—landscapemoderated dissimilarity of local communities determines landscape-wide biodiversity and overrides negative local effectsof habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Section B: ‘landscape moderation of population dynamics’ includes (3) the cross-habitat spillover hypothesis—landscape-moderated spillover of energy, resources and organisms across habitats,including between managed and natural ecosystems, influences landscape-wide community structure and associated processes and (4) the landscape-moderated concentration and dilution hypothesis—spatial and temporal changes in landscape composition can cause transient concentration or dilution of populationswith functional consequences. SectionC: ‘landscape moderation of functional trait selection’ includes (5) the landscape-moderated functional trait selection hypothesis—landscape moderation of species trait selection shapes the functional role and trajectory of community assembly, and (6) the landscape-moderated insurance hypothesis—landscape complexity provides spatial and temporal insurance, i.e. high resilience and stability of ecological processes in changing environments. Section D: ‘landscape constraints on conservation management’ includes (7) the intermediate landscape-complexity hypothesis—landscapemoderatedeffectiveness of local conservation management is highest in structurally simple, rather than in cleared (i.e. extremely simplified) or in complex landscapes, and (8) the landscape-moderated biodiversity versus ecosystem service management hypothesis—landscape-moderated biodiversity conservation to optimize functional diversity and relatedecosystem services will not protect endangered species. Shifting our research focus from local to landscape-moderated effects on biodiversity will be critical to developing solutions for future biodiversity and ecosystem service management.
KW - Biology
KW - Belowground-aboveground patterns
KW - Beta diversity
KW - Conservation management
KW - Ecosystem functioning and services
KW - Functional traits
KW - Insurance hypothesis
KW - Landscape composition and configuration
KW - Multitrophic interactions
KW - Resilience and stability
KW - Spatial heterogeneity
KW - Ecosystems Research
KW - beta diversity
KW - belowground-aboveground patterss
KW - conversation management
KW - ecosystem functioning and services
KW - functional traits
KW - insurance hypothesis
KW - landscape composition and configuration
KW - multitrophic interactions
KW - resilience and stability
KW - spatial heterogeneity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84861670005&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00216.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00216.x
M3 - Scientific review articles
C2 - 22272640
VL - 87
SP - 661
EP - 685
JO - Biological Reviews
JF - Biological Reviews
SN - 1469-185X
IS - 3
ER -