By considering 1968 in a broad sense as a singular plural event that indelibly marked our contemporary time, this paper discusses, firstly, the meaning that can be attributed to some critical positions, in which a sort of «left wing melancholia» emerges, and secondly, criticizes positions in which at issue is an idea of 1968 as the dawn of neoliberal society. In a second step, setting out from this discussion, the paper focuses on two genealogical pathways, which may help to define the emergence of neoliberal subjectivity: the first one shows the link between neoliberal subjectivity and the practices of pastoral power elaborated in early Christianity and is indebted to Michel Foucault. The second one examines the development of neoliberalism by dint of conflictual dynamics that took place in the post-68, as capitalistic reaction to the movements, which struggled against the disciplinary society and patriarchal capitalism.