Expectations on Hierarchical Scales of Discourse: Multifractality Predicts Both Short- and Long-Range Effects of Violating Gender Expectations in Text Reading
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
Authors
Reader expectations form across hierarchical scales of discourse (e.g., from coarse to fine: genre, narrative, syntax). Cross-scale interactivity produces word reading times (RTs) with multifractal structure. After introducing multifractals, we test two hypotheses regarding their relevance to reader expectations: (1) multifractal evidence of cross-scale interactions from RTs preceding violation of expectations would interact with mean reading speed to predict RTs immediately after the expectation violation and (2) postsurprise RTs would exhibit stronger cross-scale interactions. Thirty-four adult participants read one of two 2,000-word stories that used gender stereotypes to suggest that an ambiguously named protagonist was male. However, the stories postponed gender information until word 1,000: male in one story and female in the other. For slower readers, cross-scale interactions accentuated postreveal slowing but also minimized subsequent pausing over 15 postreveal RTs. Surprise strengthened cross-scale interactions over all postsurprise RTs. These results suggest that multifractality may index anticipation across multiple scales of discourse.
| Original language | English | 
|---|---|
| Journal | Discourse Processes | 
| Volume | 55 | 
| Issue number | 1 | 
| Pages (from-to) | 12-30 | 
| Number of pages | 19 | 
| ISSN | 0163-853X | 
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 02.01.2018 | 
| Externally published | Yes | 
- Language and Linguistics
 - Communication
 - Linguistics and Language
 
ASJC Scopus Subject Areas
- Psychology
 - Empirical education research
 
