TY - CHAP

T1 - Cross-Cultural Entrepreneurship

T2 - The Case of China

AU - Tung, Rosalie L.

AU - Walls, Jan

AU - Frese, Michael

PY - 2007

Y1 - 2007

N2 - Before we look at China in more detail (major hypotheses, findings, and cases), we need to make some general remarks that relate entrepreneurship and cross-cultural approaches. Up to 1990 there were few studies on crosscultural entrepreneurship, but recently there has been an upsurge of studies that compare entrepreneurship across cultures or nations (the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor [GEM] study), and the number of studies on cross-cultural entrepreneurship has increased dramatically. It is not necessary to give a complete overview of cross-cultural entrepreneurship because there is an excellent review of cross-cultural entrepreneurship research by Hayton, George, and Zahra (2002). These seem to be the main conclusions of the Hayton et al. review: First, most studies on national culture base their estimates of the cultures to be studied on Hofstede’s seminal research (Hofstede, 1991). Second, individualism is probably positively, power distance negatively, and uncertainty avoidance negatively correlated with entrepreneurship and related constructs (such as innovativeness). Third, there are relationships between national culture and interpersonal differences (that are, in turn, related to entrepreneurship, such as achievement motive or entrepreneurial “scripts”). Finally, nationalculture is related to corporate entrepreneurship and specific strategies related to corporate entrepreneurship, for example, investing in greenfield sites or acquisitions as strategies of expansion.

AB - Before we look at China in more detail (major hypotheses, findings, and cases), we need to make some general remarks that relate entrepreneurship and cross-cultural approaches. Up to 1990 there were few studies on crosscultural entrepreneurship, but recently there has been an upsurge of studies that compare entrepreneurship across cultures or nations (the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor [GEM] study), and the number of studies on cross-cultural entrepreneurship has increased dramatically. It is not necessary to give a complete overview of cross-cultural entrepreneurship because there is an excellent review of cross-cultural entrepreneurship research by Hayton, George, and Zahra (2002). These seem to be the main conclusions of the Hayton et al. review: First, most studies on national culture base their estimates of the cultures to be studied on Hofstede’s seminal research (Hofstede, 1991). Second, individualism is probably positively, power distance negatively, and uncertainty avoidance negatively correlated with entrepreneurship and related constructs (such as innovativeness). Third, there are relationships between national culture and interpersonal differences (that are, in turn, related to entrepreneurship, such as achievement motive or entrepreneurial “scripts”). Finally, nationalculture is related to corporate entrepreneurship and specific strategies related to corporate entrepreneurship, for example, investing in greenfield sites or acquisitions as strategies of expansion.

KW - Business psychology

KW - Entrepreneurship

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33847406600&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.4324/9781315750989-20

DO - 10.4324/9781315750989-20

M3 - Chapter

SN - 0-8058-5062-7

SN - 9780805850628

T3 - The organizational frontiers series

SP - 265

EP - 286

BT - The Psychology of Entrepreneurship

A2 - Baron , Robert A.

A2 - Frese, Michael

A2 - Baum, J. Robert

PB - Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

CY - Mahwah

ER -