Biodegradability of the X-Ray Contrast Compound Diatrizoic Acid, Identification of Aerobic Degradation Products and Effects against Sewage Sludge Micro-Organisms

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Pharmaceuticals and contrast media have been detected in hospital effluents, sewage treatment plants, surface water, and ground water. Only little is known about their elimination during sewage treatment and effects of possible biotransformation products against bacteria. The modified Zahn–Wellens test (ZWT, OECD 302 B) and a test simulating biological sewage treatment (modified OECD 303 A test) were used to assess the biodegradability of the widely used ionic iodinated contrast agent diatrizoic acid (diatrizoate). Effects against sewage sludge bacteria were studied in the two test systems by monitoring the biomarkers quinones, polyamines, phospholipids and adenosine triphosphate. Diatrizoate was biotransformed into 2,4,6-triiodo-3,5-diamino-benzoic acid in the ZWT. 2,4,6-Triiodo-3,5-diamino-benzoic acid was stable under the test conditions of the ZWT. Diatrizoate was not eliminated in the OECD 303 A simulation test. It was not adsorbed by the sewage sludge. No effects of the test compound or its aerobic transformation products against the bacteria present in the sewage sludge were detected using phospholipids, quinones, polyamines, and adenosine triphosphate as biomarkers.
Original languageEnglish
JournalChemosphere
Volume62
Issue number2
Pages (from-to)294-302
Number of pages9
ISSN0045-6535
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 01.01.2006
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank Kerstin Römpp and Irg Bulowsky (Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology) for their help with the experiments and Mrs. Rehmann from Schering AG (Berlin) for IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. This work was supported by Schering AG, Berlin by partial funding of the experimental programme, providing the contrast agents and analytical expertise for IR, NMR and mass spectrometric techniques.

    Research areas

  • Biomarker, Diatrizoate, Iodinated X-ray contrast media, Metabolite, Sewage treatment, Zahn-Wellens test

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