An Outcome-Oriented, Social-Ecological Framework for Assessing Protected Area Effectiveness

Research output: Journal contributionsJournal articlesResearchpeer-review

Authors

Both the number and the extent of protected areas have grown considerably in recent years, but evaluations of their effectiveness remain partial and are hard to compare across cases. To overcome this situation, first, we suggest reserving the term effectiveness solely for assessing protected area outcomes, to clearly distinguish this from management assessments (e.g., sound planning). Second, we propose a multidimensional conceptual framework, rooted in social-ecological theory, to assess effectiveness along three complementary dimensions: ecological outcomes (e.g., biodiversity), social outcomes (e.g., well-being), and social-ecological interactions (e.g., reduced human pressures). Effectiveness indicators can subsequently be evaluated against contextual and management elements (e.g., design and planning) to shed light on management performance (e.g., cost-effectiveness). We summarize steps to operationalize our framework to foster more holistic effectiveness assessments while improving comparability across protected areas. All of this can ensure that protected areas make real contributions toward conservation and sustainability goals.

Original languageEnglish
JournalBioScience / American Institute of Biological Sciences
Volume72
Issue number2
Pages (from-to)201-212
Number of pages12
ISSN0006-3568
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 01.02.2022

Bibliographical note

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences.

Documents

DOI

Recently viewed

Publications

  1. Aspect-oriented software development
  2. Oddih
  3. The impact of goal focus, task type and group size on synchronous net-based collaborative learning discourses
  4. Using Digitalization As An Enabler For Changeability In Production Systems In A Learning Factory Environment
  5. Internet research differs from research on internet users
  6. A Control of an Electromagnetic Actuator Using Model Predictive Control
  7. Policy implementation through multi-level governance
  8. Front, Field, Line, Plane
  9. How context affects transdisciplinary research
  10. Risk management with management control systems
  11. Problem Definition and Agenda-Setting in Critical Perspective
  12. State of the Art of Handling and Storage Systems on Container Terminals
  13. Integrating resilience thinking and optimisation for conservation
  14. Towards greener and sustainable ionic liquids using naturally occurring and nature-inspired pyridinium structures
  15. Lyapunov stability analysis to set up a saturating PI controller with anti-windup for a mass flow system
  16. Does ESG performance have an impact on financial performance?
  17. An empirical investigation of experiences and the link between a servicedominant logic mindset, competitive advantage, and performance of nonprofit organizations
  18. Detection of oscillations with application in the pantograph control
  19. The Integration of Wheelchair Users in Team Handball
  20. Development and prospects of degradable magnesium alloys for structural and functional applications in the fields of environment and energy
  21. Conception and analysis of Cascaded Dual Kalman Filters as virtual sensors for mastication activity of stomatognathic craniomandibular system
  22. Integrating teacher and student workspaces in a technology-enhanced mathematics lecture
  23. A switching observer for sensorless control of an electromagnetic valve actuator for camless internal combustion engines
  24. Simon Denny
  25. Non-destructive transmissive inductive thickness sensor for IoT applications
  26. „Ist das dein Handy oder vibrierst du?“
  27. Histological Comparison of New Biodegradable Magnesium-Based Implants for Maxillofacial Applications
  28. What workers want: job satisfaction in the U.S.
  29. How and where to map supply and demand of ecosystem services for policy-relevant outcomes?
  30. Introduction
  31. A hybrid hydraulic piezo actuator modeling and hysteresis effect identification for control in camless internal combustion engines
  32. Narrative dialogic reading with wordless picture books
  33. Bush encroachment control and risk management in semi-arid rangelands