TY - JOUR

T1 - Maximal strength measurement

T2 - A critical evaluation of common methods—a narrative review

AU - Warneke, Konstantin

AU - Wagner, Carl Maximilian

AU - Keiner, Michael

AU - Hillebrecht, Martin

AU - Schiemann, Stephan

AU - Behm, David George

AU - Wallot, Sebastian

AU - Wirth, Klaus

N1 - Publisher Copyright: 2023 Warneke, Wagner, Keiner, Hillebrecht, Schiemann, Behm, Wallot and Wirth.

PY - 2023/2/17

Y1 - 2023/2/17

N2 - Measuring maximal strength (MSt) is a very common performance diagnoses, especially in elite and competitive sports. The most popular procedure in test batteries is to test the one repetition maximum (1RM). Since testing maximum dynamic strength is very time consuming, it often suggested to use isometric testing conditions instead. This suggestion is based on the assumption that the high Pearson correlation coefficients of r ≥ 0.7 between isometric and dynamic conditions indicate that both tests would provide similar measures of MSt. However, calculating r provides information about the relationship between two parameters, but does not provide any statement about the agreement or concordance of two testing procedures. Hence, to assess replaceability, the concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) and the Bland-Altman analysis including the mean absolute error (MAE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) seem to be more appropriate. Therefore, an exemplary model based on r = 0.55 showed ρc = 0.53, A MAE of 413.58 N and a MAPE = 23.6% with a range of −1,000–800 N within 95% Confidence interval (95%CI), while r = 0.7 and 0.92 showed ρc = 0.68 with a MAE = 304.51N/MAPE = 17.4% with a range of −750 N–600 N within a 95% CI and ρc = 0.9 with a MAE = 139.99/MAPE = 7.1% with a range of −200–450 N within a 95% CI, respectively. This model illustrates the limited validity of correlation coefficients to evaluate the replaceability of two testing procedures. Interpretation and classification of ρc, MAE and MAPE seem to depend on expected changes of the measured parameter. A MAPE of about 17% between two testing procedures can be assumed to be intolerably high.

AB - Measuring maximal strength (MSt) is a very common performance diagnoses, especially in elite and competitive sports. The most popular procedure in test batteries is to test the one repetition maximum (1RM). Since testing maximum dynamic strength is very time consuming, it often suggested to use isometric testing conditions instead. This suggestion is based on the assumption that the high Pearson correlation coefficients of r ≥ 0.7 between isometric and dynamic conditions indicate that both tests would provide similar measures of MSt. However, calculating r provides information about the relationship between two parameters, but does not provide any statement about the agreement or concordance of two testing procedures. Hence, to assess replaceability, the concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) and the Bland-Altman analysis including the mean absolute error (MAE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) seem to be more appropriate. Therefore, an exemplary model based on r = 0.55 showed ρc = 0.53, A MAE of 413.58 N and a MAPE = 23.6% with a range of −1,000–800 N within 95% Confidence interval (95%CI), while r = 0.7 and 0.92 showed ρc = 0.68 with a MAE = 304.51N/MAPE = 17.4% with a range of −750 N–600 N within a 95% CI and ρc = 0.9 with a MAE = 139.99/MAPE = 7.1% with a range of −200–450 N within a 95% CI, respectively. This model illustrates the limited validity of correlation coefficients to evaluate the replaceability of two testing procedures. Interpretation and classification of ρc, MAE and MAPE seem to depend on expected changes of the measured parameter. A MAPE of about 17% between two testing procedures can be assumed to be intolerably high.

KW - 1RM

KW - agreement

KW - dynamic

KW - isometric

KW - isometric mid thigh pull

KW - maximal strength testing

KW - performance testing

KW - squat

KW - Physical education and sports

KW - Psychology

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85149668865&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/7a836dae-ef81-3768-bef2-71ba39b66735/

U2 - 10.3389/fspor.2023.1105201

DO - 10.3389/fspor.2023.1105201

M3 - Scientific review articles

C2 - 36873661

AN - SCOPUS:85149668865

VL - 5

JO - Frontiers in Sports and Active Living

JF - Frontiers in Sports and Active Living

SN - 2642-9367

M1 - 1105201

ER -