TY - JOUR

T1 - Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity

AU - Allan, Eric

AU - Bossdorf, Oliver

AU - Dormann, Carsten F.

AU - Prati, Daniel

AU - Gossner, Martin M.

AU - Tscharntke, Teja

AU - Blüthgen, Nico

AU - Bellach, Michaela

AU - Birkhofer, Klaus

AU - Boch, Steffen

AU - Böhm, Stefan

AU - Börschig, Carmen

AU - Chatzinotas, Antonis

AU - Christ, Sabina

AU - Daniel, Rolf

AU - Diekötter, Tim

AU - Fischer, Christiane

AU - Friedl, Thomas

AU - Glaser, Karin

AU - Hallmann, Christine

AU - Hodac, Ladislav

AU - Hölzel, Norbert

AU - Jung, Kirsten

AU - Klein, Alexandra Maria

AU - Klaus, Valentin H.

AU - Kleinebecker, Till

AU - Krauss, Jochen

AU - Lange, Markus

AU - Morris, E. Kathryn

AU - Müller, Jörg

AU - Nacke, Heiko

AU - Pašalić, Esther

AU - Rillig, Matthias C.

AU - Rothenwöhrer, Christoph

AU - Schall, Peter

AU - Scherber, Christoph

AU - Schulze, Waltraud

AU - Socher, Stephanie A.

AU - Steckel, Juliane

AU - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf

AU - Türke, Manfred

AU - Weiner, Christiane N.

AU - Werner, Michael

AU - Westphal, Catrin

AU - Wolters, Volkmar

AU - Wubet, Tesfaye

AU - Gockel, Sonja

AU - Gorke, Martin

AU - Hemp, Andreas

AU - Renner, Swen C.

AU - Schöning, Ingo

AU - Pfeiffer, Simone

AU - König-Ries, Birgitta

AU - Buscot, François

AU - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard

AU - Schulze, Ernst Detlef

AU - Weisser, Wolfgang W.

AU - Fischer, Markus

PY - 2014/1/7

Y1 - 2014/1/7

N2 - Although temporal heterogeneity is a well-accepted driver of biodiversity, effects of interannual variation in land-use intensity (LUI) have not been addressed yet. Additionally, responses to land use can differ greatly among different organisms; therefore, overall effects of land-use on total local biodiversity are hardly known. To test for effects of LUI (quantified as the combined intensity of fertilization, grazing, and mowing) and interannual variation in LUI (SD in LUI across time), we introduce a unique measure of whole-ecosystem biodiversity, multidiversity. This synthesizes individual diversity measures across up to 49 taxonomic groups of plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria from 150 grasslands. Multidiversity declined with increasing LUI among grasslands, particularly for rarer species and aboveground organisms, whereas common species and belowground groups were less sensitive. However, a high level of interannual variation in LUI increased overall multidiversity at low LUI and was even more beneficial for rarer species because it slowed the rate at which the multidiversity of rare species declined with increasing LUI. In more intensively managed grasslands, the diversity of rarer species was, on average, 18% of the maximum diversity across all grasslands when LUI was static over time but increased to 31% of the maximum when LUI changed maximally over time. In addition to decreasing overall LUI, we suggest varying LUI across years as a complementary strategy to promote biodiversity conservation.

AB - Although temporal heterogeneity is a well-accepted driver of biodiversity, effects of interannual variation in land-use intensity (LUI) have not been addressed yet. Additionally, responses to land use can differ greatly among different organisms; therefore, overall effects of land-use on total local biodiversity are hardly known. To test for effects of LUI (quantified as the combined intensity of fertilization, grazing, and mowing) and interannual variation in LUI (SD in LUI across time), we introduce a unique measure of whole-ecosystem biodiversity, multidiversity. This synthesizes individual diversity measures across up to 49 taxonomic groups of plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria from 150 grasslands. Multidiversity declined with increasing LUI among grasslands, particularly for rarer species and aboveground organisms, whereas common species and belowground groups were less sensitive. However, a high level of interannual variation in LUI increased overall multidiversity at low LUI and was even more beneficial for rarer species because it slowed the rate at which the multidiversity of rare species declined with increasing LUI. In more intensively managed grasslands, the diversity of rarer species was, on average, 18% of the maximum diversity across all grasslands when LUI was static over time but increased to 31% of the maximum when LUI changed maximally over time. In addition to decreasing overall LUI, we suggest varying LUI across years as a complementary strategy to promote biodiversity conservation.

KW - Ecosystems Research

KW - Agricultural grasslands

KW - Biodiversity Exploratories

KW - Biodiversity loss

KW - Biology

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84891929456&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1073/pnas.1312213111

DO - 10.1073/pnas.1312213111

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 24368852

AN - SCOPUS:84891929456

VL - 111

SP - 308

EP - 313

JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA)

JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA)

SN - 0027-8424

IS - 1

ER -