Protecting biodiversity and enhancing the provision of ecosystem services are key challenges for managing European agricultural landscapes. However, current approaches as implemented in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU) have been limited in their effectiveness to deliver positive biodiversity outcomes. To improve this situation, it is important to consider not only individual measures but also the broader governance system in order to identify alternative ways of managing agricultural landscapes for biodiversity. The research in MULTAGRI assessed existing challenges in the current governance system and sought to identify viable alternatives.