Combination of experimental and in silico methods for the assessment of the phototransformation products of the antipsychotic drug/metabolite Mesoridazine
Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet
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in: The Science of The Total Environment, Jahrgang 618, 15.03.2018, S. 697-711.
Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Combination of experimental and in silico methods for the assessment of the phototransformation products of the antipsychotic drug/metabolite Mesoridazine
AU - Wilde, Marcelo L
AU - Menz, Jakob
AU - Leder, Christoph
AU - Kümmerer, Klaus
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/3/15
Y1 - 2018/3/15
N2 - The lack of studies on the fate and effects of drug metabolites in the environment is of concern. As their parent compounds, metabolites enter the aquatic environment and are subject to biotic and abiotic process. In this regard, photolysis plays an important role. This study combined experimental and in silico quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods to assess the fate and effects of Mesoridazine (MESO), a pharmacologically active human drug and metabolite of the antipsychotic agent Thioridazine, and its transformation products (TPs) formed through a Xenon lamp irradiation. After 256min, the photodegradation of MESO⋅besylate (50mgL(-1)) achieved 90.4% and 6.9% of primary elimination and mineralization, respectively. The photon flux emitted by the lamp (200-600nm) was 169.55Jcm(-2). Sixteen TPs were detected by means of liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), and the structures were proposed based on MS(n) fragmentation patterns. The main transformation reactions were sulfoxidation, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, and sulfoxide elimination. A back-transformation of MESO to Thioridazine was evidenced. Aerobic biodegradation tests (OECD 301 D and 301F) were applied to MESO and the mixture of TPs present after 256min of photolysis. Most of TPs were not biodegraded, demonstrating their tendency to persist in aquatic environments. The ecotoxicity towards Vibrio fischeri showed a decrease in toxicity during the photolysis process. The in silico QSAR tools QSARINS and US-EPA PBT profiler were applied for the screening of TPs with character of persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT). They have revealed the carbazole derivatives TP 355 and TP 337 as PBT/vPvB (very persistent and very bioaccumulative) compounds. In silico QSAR predictions for mutagenicity and genotoxicity provided by CASE Ultra and Leadscope® indicated positive alerts for mutagenicity on TP 355 and TP 337. Further studies regarding the carbazole derivative TPs should be considered to confirm their hazardous character.
AB - The lack of studies on the fate and effects of drug metabolites in the environment is of concern. As their parent compounds, metabolites enter the aquatic environment and are subject to biotic and abiotic process. In this regard, photolysis plays an important role. This study combined experimental and in silico quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods to assess the fate and effects of Mesoridazine (MESO), a pharmacologically active human drug and metabolite of the antipsychotic agent Thioridazine, and its transformation products (TPs) formed through a Xenon lamp irradiation. After 256min, the photodegradation of MESO⋅besylate (50mgL(-1)) achieved 90.4% and 6.9% of primary elimination and mineralization, respectively. The photon flux emitted by the lamp (200-600nm) was 169.55Jcm(-2). Sixteen TPs were detected by means of liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), and the structures were proposed based on MS(n) fragmentation patterns. The main transformation reactions were sulfoxidation, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, and sulfoxide elimination. A back-transformation of MESO to Thioridazine was evidenced. Aerobic biodegradation tests (OECD 301 D and 301F) were applied to MESO and the mixture of TPs present after 256min of photolysis. Most of TPs were not biodegraded, demonstrating their tendency to persist in aquatic environments. The ecotoxicity towards Vibrio fischeri showed a decrease in toxicity during the photolysis process. The in silico QSAR tools QSARINS and US-EPA PBT profiler were applied for the screening of TPs with character of persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT). They have revealed the carbazole derivatives TP 355 and TP 337 as PBT/vPvB (very persistent and very bioaccumulative) compounds. In silico QSAR predictions for mutagenicity and genotoxicity provided by CASE Ultra and Leadscope® indicated positive alerts for mutagenicity on TP 355 and TP 337. Further studies regarding the carbazole derivative TPs should be considered to confirm their hazardous character.
KW - Journal Article
KW - Chemistry
KW - Metabolite
KW - Transformation products
KW - Ready biodegradability
KW - Ecotoxicity
KW - QSAR
KW - PBT/vPvB
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85031822647&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/abf5a32e-52fd-32ab-8f3c-1d64b41b1179/
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.040
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.040
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 29055596
VL - 618
SP - 697
EP - 711
JO - The Science of The Total Environment
JF - The Science of The Total Environment
SN - 0048-9697
ER -