Tree-KGQA: An Unsupervised Approach for Question Answering Over Knowledge Graphs

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Most Knowledge Graph-based Question Answering (KGQA) systems rely on training data to reach their optimal performance. However, acquiring training data for supervised systems is both time-consuming and resource-intensive. To address this, in this paper, we propose Tree-KGQA, an unsupervised KGQA system leveraging pre-trained language models and tree-based algorithms. Entity and relation linking are essential components of any KGQA system. We employ several pre-trained language models in the entity linking task to recognize the entities mentioned in the question and obtain the contextual representation for indexing. Furthermore, for relation linking we incorporate a pre-trained language model previously trained for language inference task. Finally, we introduce a novel algorithm for extracting the answer entities from a KG, where we construct a forest of interpretations and introduce tree-walking and tree disambiguation techniques. Our algorithm uses the linked relation and predicts the tree branches that eventually lead to the potential answer entities. The proposed method achieves 4.5% and 7.1% gains in F1 score in entity linking tasks on LC-QuAD 2.0 and LC-QuAD 2.0 (KBpearl) datasets, respectively, and a 5.4% increase in the relation linking task on LC-QuAD 2.0 (KBpearl). The comprehensive evaluations demonstrate that our unsupervised KGQA approach outperforms other supervised state-of-the-art methods on the WebQSP-WD test set (1.4% increase in F1 score)-without training on the target dataset.

Original languageEnglish
JournalIEEE Access
Volume10
Pages (from-to)50467-50478
Number of pages12
ISSN2169-3536
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 01.01.2022
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2013 IEEE.

    Research areas

  • Entity linking, Indexing, Information retrieval, Knowledge based systems, Pre-trained language models, Question answering, Relation linking
  • Informatics
  • Business informatics

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