With the advent of the Treaty of Lisbon, the legal personality of the former European Community has been transferred to the European Union. This is a logical transition, given that the awkward three Pillar divide across the Community andUnion, introduced by the Treaty of Maastricht, has now been eliminated. With the Lisbon Treaty, the relations between the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) have been finally put on a par. At the same time, the Lisbon Treaty introduces specific, but nevertheless limited powers for the Union in relation to its space activities. Moreover, the Union’s space competences are to be exercised in parallel to those existing at national level. This limitation is significant, given that the European Union’s two major space projects to date — Galileo and GMES — have been initiated using powers that existed prior to the introduction of the space competence in the Treaty of Lisbon. The Galileo project was based on the provisions of Art. 154 EC(Art 170 TFEU), while the GMES programme was introduced under the rules governing funding for research and development.