The impact of rear-view mirror distance and curvature on judgements relevant to road safety

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The impact of rear-view mirror distance and curvature on judgements relevant to road safety. / Hahnel, Ulf J.J.; Hecht, Heiko.
In: Ergonomics , Vol. 55, No. 1, 01.2012, p. 23-36.

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@article{8421f21d6d324c10b85fd36a684b138f,
title = "The impact of rear-view mirror distance and curvature on judgements relevant to road safety",
abstract = "We report two experiments that investigate the impact of rear-view mirror distance and curvature on distance, spacing, and time-to-contact (TTC) judgements. The variation in mirror distance had a significant effect on TTC judgements, but only marginally influenced distance and spacing estimations. As mirror distance increased, TTC was overestimated, which is potentially dangerous. Control conditions with identical visual angles across different mirror distances revealed that effects were not solely caused by variation in visual angle. The impact of mirror curvature moderated the effect. While observers were unable to compensate for the mirror distance effect, they could do so for the distortions generated by non-planar mirrors, at least up to a certain degree of distortion. Implications for vehicle design and national guidelines are discussed.Practitioner Summary: Regulations regarding rear-view mirrors are vastly different between countries. For instance EU regulations encourage convex driver-side mirrors, whereas US regulations allow them merely on the passenger's side. The use of a dynamic TTC paradigm puts the human factors designer in a position to evaluate the existing regulations and to design safer mirrors.",
keywords = "mirror curvature, mirror distance, rear-view mirror, time-to-contact, visual angle, Psychology, Sustainability sciences, Management & Economics",
author = "Hahnel, {Ulf J.J.} and Heiko Hecht",
year = "2012",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1080/00140139.2011.638402",
language = "English",
volume = "55",
pages = "23--36",
journal = "Ergonomics ",
issn = "0014-0139",
publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
number = "1",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - The impact of rear-view mirror distance and curvature on judgements relevant to road safety

AU - Hahnel, Ulf J.J.

AU - Hecht, Heiko

PY - 2012/1

Y1 - 2012/1

N2 - We report two experiments that investigate the impact of rear-view mirror distance and curvature on distance, spacing, and time-to-contact (TTC) judgements. The variation in mirror distance had a significant effect on TTC judgements, but only marginally influenced distance and spacing estimations. As mirror distance increased, TTC was overestimated, which is potentially dangerous. Control conditions with identical visual angles across different mirror distances revealed that effects were not solely caused by variation in visual angle. The impact of mirror curvature moderated the effect. While observers were unable to compensate for the mirror distance effect, they could do so for the distortions generated by non-planar mirrors, at least up to a certain degree of distortion. Implications for vehicle design and national guidelines are discussed.Practitioner Summary: Regulations regarding rear-view mirrors are vastly different between countries. For instance EU regulations encourage convex driver-side mirrors, whereas US regulations allow them merely on the passenger's side. The use of a dynamic TTC paradigm puts the human factors designer in a position to evaluate the existing regulations and to design safer mirrors.

AB - We report two experiments that investigate the impact of rear-view mirror distance and curvature on distance, spacing, and time-to-contact (TTC) judgements. The variation in mirror distance had a significant effect on TTC judgements, but only marginally influenced distance and spacing estimations. As mirror distance increased, TTC was overestimated, which is potentially dangerous. Control conditions with identical visual angles across different mirror distances revealed that effects were not solely caused by variation in visual angle. The impact of mirror curvature moderated the effect. While observers were unable to compensate for the mirror distance effect, they could do so for the distortions generated by non-planar mirrors, at least up to a certain degree of distortion. Implications for vehicle design and national guidelines are discussed.Practitioner Summary: Regulations regarding rear-view mirrors are vastly different between countries. For instance EU regulations encourage convex driver-side mirrors, whereas US regulations allow them merely on the passenger's side. The use of a dynamic TTC paradigm puts the human factors designer in a position to evaluate the existing regulations and to design safer mirrors.

KW - mirror curvature

KW - mirror distance

KW - rear-view mirror

KW - time-to-contact

KW - visual angle

KW - Psychology

KW - Sustainability sciences, Management & Economics

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84857854920&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1080/00140139.2011.638402

DO - 10.1080/00140139.2011.638402

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 22176482

AN - SCOPUS:84857854920

VL - 55

SP - 23

EP - 36

JO - Ergonomics

JF - Ergonomics

SN - 0014-0139

IS - 1

ER -

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