Sex Differences in Double Poling Performance: The Role of Upper-Body Strength and Endurance in Youth Elite Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
Standard
In: European Journal of Sport Science, Vol. 25, No. 4, e12253, 04.2025.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex Differences in Double Poling Performance
T2 - The Role of Upper-Body Strength and Endurance in Youth Elite Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes
AU - Wagner, Carl Maximilian
AU - Osborne, John Owen
AU - Sandbakk, Øyvind
AU - Schiemann, Stephan
AU - Röhrs, Daniel
AU - Schmidt, Tobias
AU - Keiner, Michael
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). European Journal of Sport Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH on behalf of European College of Sport Science.
PY - 2025/4
Y1 - 2025/4
N2 - The study aimed to investigate sex differences in double poling (DP) ergometer performance among youth elite cross-country skiers and biathletes and determine if these sex differences may be explained by upper-body strength and endurance capacities. Thirteen female and nine male youth elite cross-country skiers and biathletes (age: 16.7 ± 1.7 years; VO2max: 60.7 ± 6.3 mL·kg−1 min−1), matched for relative performance, completed a test battery evaluating upper-body strength and power along with various endurance parameters on a DP ergometer. Testing included one-repetition maximum (1RM) in upper-body exercises, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) running test, and DP ergometer incremental test to exhaustion and sprint tests to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak-DP), maximal lactate accumulation rate (vLamax), and power. Body mass and body composition were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The findings demonstrated that the absolute differences in maximal strength, peak, and mean DP power outputs from both sprint and incremental tests to exhaustion (29%–38% difference), as well as maximal and peak oxygen uptake (29%–31%) between male and female athletes, were considerably reduced (2%–12%) following normalization to fat-free mass (FFM). Correlations of absolute and FFM normalized VO2max, VO2peak-DP with peak and mean power output from both sprint and incremental test to exhaustion during DP ergometry were significant (rxy = 0.69–0.87) and remained consistent after correction for sex (rxy-z = 0.61–0.84). These findings suggest that sex performance differences are primarily attributable to absolute differences in maximal aerobic power, maximal strength, and FFM.
AB - The study aimed to investigate sex differences in double poling (DP) ergometer performance among youth elite cross-country skiers and biathletes and determine if these sex differences may be explained by upper-body strength and endurance capacities. Thirteen female and nine male youth elite cross-country skiers and biathletes (age: 16.7 ± 1.7 years; VO2max: 60.7 ± 6.3 mL·kg−1 min−1), matched for relative performance, completed a test battery evaluating upper-body strength and power along with various endurance parameters on a DP ergometer. Testing included one-repetition maximum (1RM) in upper-body exercises, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) running test, and DP ergometer incremental test to exhaustion and sprint tests to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak-DP), maximal lactate accumulation rate (vLamax), and power. Body mass and body composition were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The findings demonstrated that the absolute differences in maximal strength, peak, and mean DP power outputs from both sprint and incremental tests to exhaustion (29%–38% difference), as well as maximal and peak oxygen uptake (29%–31%) between male and female athletes, were considerably reduced (2%–12%) following normalization to fat-free mass (FFM). Correlations of absolute and FFM normalized VO2max, VO2peak-DP with peak and mean power output from both sprint and incremental test to exhaustion during DP ergometry were significant (rxy = 0.69–0.87) and remained consistent after correction for sex (rxy-z = 0.61–0.84). These findings suggest that sex performance differences are primarily attributable to absolute differences in maximal aerobic power, maximal strength, and FFM.
KW - adolescents
KW - endurance performance
KW - fat-free mass
KW - maximal strength
KW - power
KW - vlamax
KW - Physical education and sports
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105000866049&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ejsc.12253
DO - 10.1002/ejsc.12253
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 40108479
AN - SCOPUS:105000866049
VL - 25
JO - European Journal of Sport Science
JF - European Journal of Sport Science
SN - 1746-1391
IS - 4
M1 - e12253
ER -