Liquid metal embrittlement in solid-state welding of Mg/galvanized steel
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In: Materials Research Letters, Vol. 13, No. 7, 2025, p. 785-792.
Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Liquid metal embrittlement in solid-state welding of Mg/galvanized steel
AU - Chen, Ting
AU - Wang, Hao
AU - Fu, Banglong
AU - Huang, Chunjie
AU - Shen, Tong
AU - Suhuddin, Uceu F.H.R.
AU - Maawad, Emad
AU - Klassen, Thomas
AU - Qin, Guoliang
AU - Klusemann, Benjamin
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - The phenomenon of liquid metal embrittlement (LME) poses safety concerns for welded joints in the manufacturing field. In present study, LME was observed in refill friction stir spot welding (refill FSSW) of dissimilar magnesium (Mg) to galvanized steel. This marks the first reported proof of evidence of LME in the field of solid-state welding. Microstructural characterization of cracks formed during the welding process revealed typical characteristics of LME, specifically the penetration and enrichment of Zn at the Mg alloy grain boundaries and the formation of a liquefied phase. Tensile tests of Zn-coated Mg alloy were conducted at elevated temperatures to validate the LME phenomenon in refill FSSW and to identify the temperature range in which LME occurs. Based on these observations, a mechanism of LME formation for the Mg-Zn system in refill FSSW is proposed. Additionally, strategies to prevent LME are suggested and experimentally validated.
AB - The phenomenon of liquid metal embrittlement (LME) poses safety concerns for welded joints in the manufacturing field. In present study, LME was observed in refill friction stir spot welding (refill FSSW) of dissimilar magnesium (Mg) to galvanized steel. This marks the first reported proof of evidence of LME in the field of solid-state welding. Microstructural characterization of cracks formed during the welding process revealed typical characteristics of LME, specifically the penetration and enrichment of Zn at the Mg alloy grain boundaries and the formation of a liquefied phase. Tensile tests of Zn-coated Mg alloy were conducted at elevated temperatures to validate the LME phenomenon in refill FSSW and to identify the temperature range in which LME occurs. Based on these observations, a mechanism of LME formation for the Mg-Zn system in refill FSSW is proposed. Additionally, strategies to prevent LME are suggested and experimentally validated.
KW - Liquid metal embrittlement
KW - Mg alloys
KW - refill friction stir spot welding
KW - solid-state welding
KW - Zn
KW - Engineering
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105008764105&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/21663831.2025.2516103
DO - 10.1080/21663831.2025.2516103
M3 - Journal articles
AN - SCOPUS:105008764105
VL - 13
SP - 785
EP - 792
JO - Materials Research Letters
JF - Materials Research Letters
SN - 2166-3831
IS - 7
ER -