Failure as a Process: Shaping What is Worth Doing in Creative Projects
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In: Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vol. 91, No. 1, 2025.
Research output: Journal contributions › Comments / Debate / Reports › Research
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Failure as a Process
T2 - Shaping What is Worth Doing in Creative Projects
AU - Otto, Birke D.
AU - Schiemer, Benjamin
AU - Sminia, Harry
AU - Sydow, Jörg
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 Birke D. Otto, Benjamin Schiemer, Harry Sminia and Jörg Sydow
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Abstract – Failure is commonly conceived either as a provisional state or as the unwelcome endpoint of a process. In both scenarios, failure occurs when there is a discrepancy between an expectation and a result, presupposing a well-defined comprehension of intentions and anticipated outcomes. This assumption is particularly challenged when conferred to creative projects, where expectations are not always as explicitly defined and undergo frequent changes. To understand how failure evolves, this study analyzes failure experiences of individuals working on creative projects in the arts and sciences and investigates how shifts in expectations occur with setbacks experienced. We develop three interconnected dimensions of expectation in creative projects: uniqueness, do-ability, and resonance. Together, these create a malleable evaluative space within which a creative project is deemed worthwhile doing. Our findings suggest that disappointed expectations are met by either prioritizing certain expectations over others, or by realigning expectations with new opportunities, and in so doing shape and change the relative importance or meaning of these expectations. We argue that these responses transform the evaluative space in a way that keeps the creative project going. An endpoint failure only occurs when those involved in a creative project run out of possibilities to alter the evaluative space. Our study overcomes the binary conception of failure as being merely the opposite of success and demonstrates that success in creative projects is not always output orientated. It also involves creating and maintaining sustainable ways to continue.
AB - Abstract – Failure is commonly conceived either as a provisional state or as the unwelcome endpoint of a process. In both scenarios, failure occurs when there is a discrepancy between an expectation and a result, presupposing a well-defined comprehension of intentions and anticipated outcomes. This assumption is particularly challenged when conferred to creative projects, where expectations are not always as explicitly defined and undergo frequent changes. To understand how failure evolves, this study analyzes failure experiences of individuals working on creative projects in the arts and sciences and investigates how shifts in expectations occur with setbacks experienced. We develop three interconnected dimensions of expectation in creative projects: uniqueness, do-ability, and resonance. Together, these create a malleable evaluative space within which a creative project is deemed worthwhile doing. Our findings suggest that disappointed expectations are met by either prioritizing certain expectations over others, or by realigning expectations with new opportunities, and in so doing shape and change the relative importance or meaning of these expectations. We argue that these responses transform the evaluative space in a way that keeps the creative project going. An endpoint failure only occurs when those involved in a creative project run out of possibilities to alter the evaluative space. Our study overcomes the binary conception of failure as being merely the opposite of success and demonstrates that success in creative projects is not always output orientated. It also involves creating and maintaining sustainable ways to continue.
KW - Creative projects
KW - evaluative spaces
KW - expectations
KW - failure
KW - ideas
KW - temporary organization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105017033601&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1108/S0733-558X20250000091020
DO - 10.1108/S0733-558X20250000091020
M3 - Comments / Debate / Reports
AN - SCOPUS:105017033601
VL - 91
JO - Research in the Sociology of Organizations
JF - Research in the Sociology of Organizations
SN - 0733-558X
IS - 1
ER -