Environmental occurrence and hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of European North and Baltic Seas
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Environmental occurrence and hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of European North and Baltic Seas. / Apel, Christina; Joerss, Hanna; Ebinghaus, Ralf.
In: Chemosphere, Vol. 212, 01.12.2018, p. 254-261.Research output: Journal contributions › Journal articles › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental occurrence and hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of European North and Baltic Seas
AU - Apel, Christina
AU - Joerss, Hanna
AU - Ebinghaus, Ralf
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2018 The Authors
PY - 2018/12/1
Y1 - 2018/12/1
N2 - UV absorbing compounds are of emerging concern due to their large production volumes, their persistence or pseudo-persistence, and their potential adverse effects. This is the first study investigating the environmental occurrence and potential hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the North and Baltic Sea surface sediments, including the connecting Skagerrak and Kattegat straits. In total, nineteen substances were identified over the entire study area, including the rarely studied compounds ethylhexyl triazone (EHT) and bisoctrizole (UV-360). Octocrylene (OC) was the predominant compound in this study with regard to detection frequency (79%) and concentrations (up to 9.7 ng/g dw). OC accounted for more than 65% of UV stabilizer contamination in the German Bight. The triazine derivative EHT was quantified in the Rhine-Meuse-Delta and the German Bight in concentrations up to 2.0 ng/g dw. In the Baltic Sea, benzotriazole UV stabilizers accounted for 60% of the contamination, with UV-360 as the main substance. The estimated environmental hazard quotients indicated a negligible impact on benthic and sediment-dwelling organisms in the North and Baltic Seas. Region-specific contamination pattern and riverine influences were revealed. The results suggest that both direct and indirect sources contribute to the UV stabilizer and UV filter contamination in the study area.
AB - UV absorbing compounds are of emerging concern due to their large production volumes, their persistence or pseudo-persistence, and their potential adverse effects. This is the first study investigating the environmental occurrence and potential hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the North and Baltic Sea surface sediments, including the connecting Skagerrak and Kattegat straits. In total, nineteen substances were identified over the entire study area, including the rarely studied compounds ethylhexyl triazone (EHT) and bisoctrizole (UV-360). Octocrylene (OC) was the predominant compound in this study with regard to detection frequency (79%) and concentrations (up to 9.7 ng/g dw). OC accounted for more than 65% of UV stabilizer contamination in the German Bight. The triazine derivative EHT was quantified in the Rhine-Meuse-Delta and the German Bight in concentrations up to 2.0 ng/g dw. In the Baltic Sea, benzotriazole UV stabilizers accounted for 60% of the contamination, with UV-360 as the main substance. The estimated environmental hazard quotients indicated a negligible impact on benthic and sediment-dwelling organisms in the North and Baltic Seas. Region-specific contamination pattern and riverine influences were revealed. The results suggest that both direct and indirect sources contribute to the UV stabilizer and UV filter contamination in the study area.
KW - Baltic sea
KW - Benzotriazole derivatives
KW - North sea
KW - UV filters
KW - UV stabilizers
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85051948165&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.105
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.105
M3 - Journal articles
C2 - 30145417
AN - SCOPUS:85051948165
VL - 212
SP - 254
EP - 261
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
SN - 0045-6535
ER -