Emissions of polychlorinated biphenyls in Switzerland: a combination of long-term measurements and modeling

Research output: Journal contributionsJournal articlesResearchpeer-review

Authors

  • Pascal S. Diefenbacher
  • Christian Bogdal
  • Andreas C. Gerecke
  • Juliane Glüge
  • Peter Schmid
  • Martin Scheringer
  • Konrad Hungerbühler

Ambient air concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Zurich, Switzerland, are reported for the years 2011-2013. These measurements reveal a distinct seasonal trend with PCB concentrations in air during the summer that were three to five times higher than in the winter. We used a long-term dynamic multimedia model to analyze the seasonal trend and to back-calculate urban emissions of PCBs. In contrast to previous short-term studies that considered time periods of several days to months to extrapolate annual emissions, the use of long-term field data and the corresponding model reduces the uncertainty in these extrapolations. Comparison with measured PCB concentrations in air shows that our model is able to reproduce seasonal trends of the six indicator PCBs (iPCBs). The good agreement of the model results with measurements over a time period of three years provides confidence in model outputs and allows us to estimate the total annual PCB emissions of Zurich (86 μg capita(-1) d(-1)). The resulting summer emissions are nine times higher than emissions during winter. Interestingly, this factor corresponds to the expected increase in PCB volatilization due to the effect of temperature on vapor pressure. This finding implies that PCBs in Zurich are probably released mainly by volatilization from sources that are directly exposed to ambient air temperature (i.e., outdoor sources). The derived emissions are in accordance with previous studies performed at the same location and are also in agreement with an existing emission inventory.

Original languageEnglish
JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology
Volume49
Issue number4
Pages (from-to)2199 - 2206
Number of pages8
ISSN0013-936X
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 17.02.2015

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 American Chemical Society.

DOI

Recently viewed

Publications

  1. Lekcja 25-26
  2. Foreword
  3. The Non-Ratification Scenario: Legal and Practical Responses to Mixed Treaty Rejection by Member States
  4. Besucherstrukturen bei Niedersächsischen Sinfonieorchestern
  5. Vorsorgendes Wirtschaften
  6. Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse in dynamischen Szenarien
  7. Social Work and Society
  8. Ambulantisierung der Jugendhilfe - Entwicklungsmöglichkeit oder Sackgasse
  9. Hot tearing characteristics of Mg–2Ca–xZn alloys
  10. Participation in Residential Childcare.
  11. Social inequalities among inpatients with non-specific chronic low back pain in medical rehabilitation. A secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial
  12. Contact – Die Welt des (Ausser-)Irdischen
  13. Erratum: Drugs in the environment: Emission of drugs, diagnostic aids and disinfectants into wastewater by hospitals in relation to other sources - A review
  14. Ratingagenturen in der Krise
  15. When is green nudging ethically permissible?
  16. Einleitung: Grundlagentexte zur Journalistik
  17. Chinesische Expansion in das Südliche Afrika
  18. "Web4Health"
  19. A Global Phenomenon with a Unique Pinoy Twist - Das Vinyl Revival in Metro Manila
  20. Life satisfaction in Germany after reunification
  21. Market Valuation of Biodiversity Risk:
  22. Anspruch und Wirklichkeit
  23. Mexican school students’ perceptions of inclusion
  24. Sustainability Management for Start-ups and Micro-Enterprises:
  25. Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse im dreidimensionalen Raum
  26. Distanz und Leidenschaft
  27. Advancing climate compatible development: Lessons from southern Africa
  28. Relevanz von Platinemissionen durch Krankenhäuser
  29. Olympisches Feuer
  30. Blind Passage
  31. Qualitätsmanagement und Evaluation
  32. Sachtexte
  33. Art, Territory, and the Ecology of Time
  34. Threshold values in German labor law and job dynamics in small firms
  35. Professionalisierung, Regionalisierung, Gender
  36. Die Kicker-Stecktabelle
  37. Degraded creep resistance induced by static precipitation strengthening in high-pressure die casting Mg-Al-Sm alloy
  38. Cybermobbing, Hatespeech, Sexting und Cybergrooming.
  39. Translating pictures (1999)
  40. What's on in Arts Marketing Research?