Journals

Browse by research area or use the search fields below to find specific journals.

Browse by journal name

30901 - 31000 out of 35,363Page size: 100
Sort by: Title
  1. Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology

    ISSNs: 1089-7860

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1098-898X

    Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.8 SJR 0.314 SNIP 0.506

    Journal

  2. Seminars in Nephrology

    ISSNs: 0270-9295

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1558-4488

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 4.6 SJR 0.989 SNIP 0.935

    Journal

  3. Seminars in Neurology

    ISSNs: 0271-8235

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1098-9021

    Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 3.4 SJR 0.68 SNIP 0.683

    Journal

  4. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine

    ISSNs: 0001-2998

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1558-4623

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 10.9 SJR 1.324 SNIP 1.851

    Journal

  5. Seminars in Oncology

    ISSNs: 0093-7754

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1532-8708

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 6.2 SJR 1.202 SNIP 0.932

    Journal

  6. Seminars in Oncology Nursing

    ISSNs: 0749-2081

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1878-3449

    Elsevier Inc.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 3.3 SJR 0.651 SNIP 0.771

    Journal

  7. Seminars in Ophthalmology

    ISSNs: 0882-0538

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1744-5205

    Taylor and Francis Ltd.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 4.3 SJR 0.857 SNIP 1.077

    Journal

  8. Seminars in Orthodontics

    ISSNs: 1073-8746

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2.9 SJR 0.609 SNIP 0.938

    Journal

  9. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology

    ISSNs: 1071-9091

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1558-0776

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 4.6 SJR 0.647 SNIP 1.047

    Journal

  10. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery

    ISSNs: 1055-8586

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1532-9453

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2.8 SJR 0.578 SNIP 1.083

    Journal

  11. Seminars in Perinatology

    ISSNs: 0146-0005

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1558-075X

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 5.9 SJR 1.144 SNIP 1.276

    Journal

  12. Seminars in Plastic Surgery

    ISSNs: 1535-2188

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1536-0067

    Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 4.9 SJR 1.025 SNIP 1.944

    Journal

  13. Seminars in Radiation Oncology

    ISSNs: 1053-4296

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1532-9461

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 5.6 SJR 1.007 SNIP 0.779

    Journal

  14. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

    ISSNs: 1526-8004, 0734-8630

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1526-4564

    Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 3 SJR 0.641 SNIP 0.776

    Journal

  15. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

    ISSNs: 1069-3424, 0192-9755

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1098-9048

    Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 5.4 SJR 1.002 SNIP 1.09

    Journal

  16. Seminars in Roentgenology

    ISSNs: 0037-198X

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1558-4658

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.3 SJR 0.262 SNIP 0.318

    Journal

  17. Seminars in Speech and Language

    ISSNs: 0734-0478

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1098-9056

    Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2.1 SJR 0.461 SNIP 0.658

    Journal

  18. Seminars in Spine Surgery

    ISSNs: 1040-7383

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1558-4496

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.8 SJR 0.249 SNIP 0.228

    Journal

  19. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

    ISSNs: 1043-0679

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1532-9488

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 6.3 SJR 0.849 SNIP 1.04

    Journal

  20. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery: Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual

    ISSNs: 1092-9126

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1876-4665

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 3.4 SJR 0.9 SNIP 1.274

    Journal

  21. 1 Publication

    Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis

    ISSNs: 0094-6176

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1098-9064

    Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., Germany

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 7.6 SJR 0.745 SNIP 0.912

    Journal

  22. Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI

    ISSNs: 0887-2171, 0194-1720

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1558-5034

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 3.3 SJR 0.519 SNIP 0.956

    Journal

  23. Seminars in Vascular Surgery

    ISSNs: 0895-7967

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1558-4518

    W.B. Saunders

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 5.4 SJR 0.938 SNIP 1.271

    Journal

  24. Semiotica

    ISSNs: 0037-1998

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1613-3692

    Walter de Gruyter

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.8 SJR 0.3 SNIP 0.692

    Journal

  25. Semitica et Classica

    ISSNs: 2031-5937

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2295-9041

    Brepols Publishers

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.3 SJR 0.143 SNIP 1.212

    Journal

  26. 6 Publications

    SEM/RADAR : Zeitschrift für Systemdenken und Entscheidungsfindung im Management

    ISSNs: 1610-8914

    Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin, Germany

    Journal

  27. Sendebar

    ISSNs: 1130-5509

    Universidad de Granada

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.5 SJR 0.13 SNIP 0.435

    Journal

  28. Senior Care Pharmacist

    ISSNs: 2639-9636

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2639-9644

    American Society of Consultant Pharmacists

    Journal

  29. Senjski Zbornik

    ISSNs: 0582-673X

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1849-0999

    Senj City Museum

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.2 SJR 0.137 SNIP 0.289

    Indexed in DOAJ

    Journal

  30. 1 Publication

    Senses and Society

    ISSNs: 1745-8927

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1745-8935

    Taylor and Francis Ltd., United Kingdom

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.5 SJR 0.327 SNIP 0.715

    Journal

  31. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2214-1804

    Elsevier B.V.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 9.5 SJR 0.759 SNIP 1.386

    Journal

  32. Sensing and Imaging

    ISSNs: 1557-2064, 1566-0184

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1557-2072

    Springer

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 3.3 SJR 0.317 SNIP 0.508

    Journal

  33. Sensor Review

    ISSNs: 0260-2288

    Emerald Publishing Limited

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 3.5 SJR 0.227 SNIP 0.573

    Journal

  34. 10 Publications

    Sensors

    ISSNs: 1424-8239

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1424-8220

    MDPI AG, Switzerland

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 8.2 SJR 0.764 SNIP 1.312

    Indexed in DOAJ

    Journal

  35. Sensors and Actuators

    ISSNs: 0250-6874

    Elsevier B.V.

    Journal

  36. 1 Publication

    Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

    ISSNs: 0924-4247

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1873-3069

    Elsevier B.V., Netherlands

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 7.7 SJR 0.825 SNIP 1.286

    Journal

  37. 1 Publication

    Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical

    ISSNs: 0925-4005

    Elsevier B.V., Netherlands

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 15.6 SJR 1.509 SNIP 1.332

    Journal

  38. Sensors and Actuators Reports

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2666-0539

    Elsevier B.V.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 11 SJR 1.025 SNIP 1.447

    Journal

  39. Sensors and Diagnostics

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2635-0998

    Royal Society of Chemistry

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 4.4 SJR 0.635 SNIP 0.803

    Indexed in DOAJ

    Journal

  40. Sensors and Materials

    ISSNs: 0914-4935

    M Y U Scientific Publishing Division

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.9 SJR 0.235 SNIP 0.358

    Journal

  41. Sensors and Transducers

    ISSNs: 2306-8515

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1726-5479

    Journal

  42. Sensors International

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2666-3511

    KeAi Communications Co.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 24.6 SJR 1.398 SNIP 2.744

    Journal

  43. Sententiae

    ISSNs: 2075-6461

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2308-8915

    Vinnytsia National Technical University

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.3 SJR 0.184 SNIP 1.118

    Journal

  44. Seoul Journal of Economics

    ISSNs: 1225-0279

    Seoul National University

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.8 SJR 0.152 SNIP 0.23

    Journal

  45. Seoul Journal of Korean Studies

    ISSNs: 1225-0201

    Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies, Seoul National University

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.4 SJR 0.121 SNIP 0.295

    Journal

  46. Separation and Purification Reviews

    ISSNs: 1542-2119, 0360-2540

    Taylor and Francis Ltd.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 13.4 SJR 1.064 SNIP 1.331

    Journal

  47. 1 Publication

    Separation and Purification Technology

    ISSNs: 1383-5866

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1873-3794

    Elsevier B.V., Netherlands

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 15.1 SJR 1.697 SNIP 1.383

    Journal

  48. Separations

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2297-8739

    MDPI AG

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 4.5 SJR 0.491 SNIP 0.738

    Journal

  49. Separation Science and Technology

    ISSNs: 0149-6395, 0037-2366

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1520-5754

    Taylor and Francis Ltd.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 5.4 SJR 0.443 SNIP 0.611

    Journal

  50. Separation Science Plus

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2573-1815

    John Wiley & Sons Inc.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2.1 SJR 0.267 SNIP 0.557

    Journal

  51. SEPM Special Publications

    ISSNs: 1060-071X

    SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2.3 SJR 0.203 SNIP 0.187

    Journal

  52. Septuagint Commentary Series

    ISSNs: 1572-3755

    Brill Verlag

    Journal

  53. Sequencia

    ISSNs: 0101-9562

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2177-7055

    Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.2 SJR 0.155 SNIP 0.637

    Indexed in DOAJ

    Journal

  54. Sequential Analysis

    ISSNs: 0747-4946, 0731-177X

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1532-4176

    Taylor and Francis Ltd.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.3 SJR 0.468 SNIP 0.691

    Journal

  55. Serangga

    ISSNs: 1394-5130

    Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.1 SJR 0.268 SNIP 0.642

    Journal

  56. Serbian Astronomical Journal

    ISSNs: 1450-698X

    Astronomical Observatory

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.5 SJR 0.457 SNIP 0.44

    Journal

  57. Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering

    ISSNs: 1451-4869

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2217-7183

    University of Kragujevac Faculty of Technical Sciences in Cacak

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.3 SJR 0.173 SNIP 0.306

    Journal

  58. Serbian Journal of Management

    ISSNs: 1452-4864

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2217-7159

    University of Belgrade

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2 SJR 0.238 SNIP 0.352

    Journal

  59. Serbian Studies

    ISSNs: 0742-3330

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1941-9511

    Slavica Publishers

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.2 SJR 0.106 SNIP 0.486

    Journal

  60. Serials Librarian

    ISSNs: 0361-526X

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1541-1095

    Routledge Taylor & Francis Group

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.2 SJR 0.275 SNIP 0

    Journal

  61. Serials Review

    ISSNs: 0098-7913

    Taylor and Francis Ltd.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.3 SJR 0.199 SNIP 0.343

    Journal

  62. 1 Publication

    Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community

    ISSNs: 0953-0460

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1475-3308

    United Kingdom Serials Group, United Kingdom

    Journal

  63. Serie Correlacion Geologica

    ISSNs: 1514-4186

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1666-9479

    Instituto Superior de Correlacion Geologica

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.7 SJR 0.214 SNIP 0.38

    Journal

  64. SERIEs

    ISSNs: 1869-4187

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1869-4195

    Springer Verlag

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2.1 SJR 0.464 SNIP 0.446

    Journal

  65. SERIES: International Journal of TV Serial Narratives

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2421-454X

    University of Bologna

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.7 SJR 0.126 SNIP 0.438

    Indexed in DOAJ

    Journal

  66. Series on Analysis, Applications and Computation

    ISSNs: 1793-4702

    World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.3 SJR 0.166 SNIP 0.204

    Journal

  67. Series on Biomechanics

    ISSNs: 1313-2458

    Bulgarska Akademiya na Naukite

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.8 SJR 0.202 SNIP 0.435

    Journal

  68. Series on Chinese Economics Research

    ISSNs: 2251-1644

    World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.1 SJR 0.133 SNIP 0

    Journal

  69. Series on Concrete and Applicable Mathematics

    ISSNs: 1793-1142

    World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd

    Scopus rating (2018): CiteScore 0 SJR 0.124 SNIP 0

    Journal

  70. Series on Contemporary China

    ISSNs: 1793-0847

    World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.3 SJR 0.133 SNIP 0

    Journal

  71. Series on Knots and Everything

    ISSNs: 0219-9769

    World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.1 SJR 0.106 SNIP 0

    Journal

  72. Series on Number Theory and Its Applications

    ISSNs: 1793-3161

    World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0 SJR 0.116 SNIP 0

    Journal

  73. Service Business

    ISSNs: 1862-8516

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1862-8508

    Springer Verlag

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 8.7 SJR 1.093 SNIP 1.118

    Journal

  74. Service Oriented Computing and Applications

    ISSNs: 1863-2386

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1863-2394

    Springer London

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 3.2 SJR 0.361 SNIP 0.677

    Journal

  75. 1 Publication

    Service Science

    ISSNs: 2164-3962

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2164-3970

    INFORMS Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, United States

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 3.9 SJR 0.859 SNIP 0.689

    Journal

  76. Services Marketing Quarterly

    ISSNs: 1533-2969, 0748-4623

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1533-2977

    Taylor and Francis Ltd.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2.5 SJR 0.371 SNIP 0.558

    Journal

  77. SESAR Innovation Days

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 0770-1268

    SESAR Joint Undertaking

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1 SJR 0.132 SNIP 0.41

    Journal

  78. Sesit pro Umeni, Teorii a Pribuzne Zony

    ISSNs: 1802-8918

    Academy of Fine Arts in Prague

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.1 SJR 0.103 SNIP 1.25

    Journal

  79. Settler Colonial Studies

    ISSNs: 2201-473X

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1838-0743

    Taylor and Francis Ltd.

    Scopus rating (2022): CiteScore 2.2 SJR 0.328 SNIP 1.943

    Journal

  80. Set-Valued and Variational Analysis

    ISSNs: 1877-0533, 0927-6947, 1572-932X

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1877-0541

    Springer Verlag

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2.8 SJR 0.89 SNIP 1.473

    Journal

  81. Seventeenth Century

    ISSNs: 0268-117X

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2050-4616

    Taylor and Francis Ltd.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0.5 SJR 0.248 SNIP 0.52

    Journal

  82. Sever i Rynok: Formirovanie Ekonomiceskogo Poradka

    ISSNs: 2220-802X

    Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.2 SJR 0.297 SNIP 0.59

    Journal

  83. Sewanee Review

    ISSNs: 0037-3052

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1934-421X

    Johns Hopkins University Press

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 0 SJR 0.1 SNIP 0

    Journal

  84. Sex Education

    ISSNs: 1468-1811

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1472-0825

    Routledge Taylor & Francis Group

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 4.2 SJR 0.837 SNIP 1.575

    Journal

  85. 1 Publication

    Sex Roles

    ISSNs: 0360-0025

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1573-2762

    Springer New York, United States

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 6.1 SJR 1.264 SNIP 1.861

    Journal

  86. Sexual Abuse

    ISSNs: 1079-0632, 0843-4611

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1573-286X

    SAGE Publications Inc.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 4.6 SJR 0.92 SNIP 1.769

    Journal

  87. Sexual and Relationship Therapy

    ISSNs: 1468-1994, 0267-4653

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1468-1749

    Routledge Taylor & Francis Group

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 3.6 SJR 0.476 SNIP 1.05

    Journal

  88. Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare

    ISSNs: 1877-5756

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1877-5764

    Elsevier B.V.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2.6 SJR 0.596 SNIP 0.705

    Journal

  89. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters

    ISSNs: 0968-8080, 1460-9576

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2641-0397

    Taylor and Francis Ltd.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 5.1 SJR 1.007 SNIP 1.265

    Indexed in DOAJ

    Journal

  90. Sexual Development

    ISSNs: 1661-5425

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1661-5433

    S. Karger AG

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 6.2 SJR 0.871 SNIP 0.911

    Journal

  91. Sexual Health

    ISSNs: 1448-5028

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1449-8987

    CSIRO

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2.6 SJR 0.744 SNIP 0.694

    Journal

  92. Sexual Health and Compulsivity

    ISSNs: 1072-0162, 1532-5318

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2692-9996

    Routledge Taylor & Francis Group

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.3 SJR 0.36 SNIP 0.551

    Journal

  93. Sexual health exchange

    ISSNs: 1388-3046

    Royal Tropical Institute (KIT)

    Journal

  94. Sexualities

    ISSNs: 1363-4607

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1461-7382

    SAGE Publications Inc.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 4.6 SJR 0.635 SNIP 1.224

    Journal

  95. 1 Publication

    Sexualities, Evolution and Gender

    ISSNs: 1479-2508

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1479-2516

    Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, United States

    Journal

  96. 1 Publication

    Sexuality and Culture

    ISSNs: 1095-5143

    Springer New York

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2.9 SJR 0.594 SNIP 1.032

    Journal

  97. Sexuality and Disability

    ISSNs: 0146-1044

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1573-6717

    Kluwer Academic/Human Sciences Press Inc.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 2.3 SJR 0.435 SNIP 0.759

    Journal

  98. Sexuality, Gender and Policy

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 2639-5355

    John Wiley & Sons Inc.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 1.2 SJR 0.302 SNIP 0.693

    Journal

  99. Sexuality Research and Social Policy

    ISSNs: 1868-9884

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1553-6610

    Springer New York

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 5.5 SJR 1.037 SNIP 1.406

    Journal

  100. Sexually Transmitted Diseases

    ISSNs: 0148-5717, 0095-148X

    Additional searchable ISSN (electronic): 1537-4521

    Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.

    Scopus rating (2024): CiteScore 4.5 SJR 0.971 SNIP 0.894

    Journal