TY - JOUR

T1 - The distribution of self-reported psychotic-like experiences in non-psychotic help-seeking mental health patients in the general population

T2 - a factor mixture analysis

AU - Rietdijk, Judith

AU - Fokkema, Marjolein

AU - Stahl, Daniel

AU - Valmaggia, Lucia

AU - Ising, Helga K.

AU - Dragt, Sara

AU - Klaassen, Rianne

AU - Nieman, Dorien

AU - Loewy, Rachel

AU - Cuijpers, Pim

AU - Delespaul, Philippe

AU - Linszen, Don

AU - van der Gaag, Mark

PY - 2014/3

Y1 - 2014/3

N2 - Purpose: Factor mixture analysis (FMA) and item response mixture models in the general population have shown that the psychosis phenotype has four classes. This study attempted to replicate this finding in help-seeking people accessing mental health services for symptoms of non-psychotic mental disorders. Methods: All patients (18–35 years old) referred for nonpsychotic mental health problems to the secondary mental healthcare service in The Hague between February 2008 to February 2010 (N = 3,694), were included. Patients completed the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ). Hybrid latent class analysis was applied to explore the number, size and symptom profiles of the classes. Results: The FMA resulted in four classes. Class 1 (N = 1,039, 28.1 %) scored high on conceptual disorganization, inattention and mood disorder. Patients in Class 2 (N = 619, 16.8 %) endorsed almost all PQ-items, were more often screened as being psychotic or at high risk of developing psychosis, without care takers noticing. In Class 3 (N = 1,747, 47.3 %) perplexity, paranoia and negative symptoms were more prevalent. Patients were more often at high risk of developing psychosis. Class 4 (N = 286, 7.7 %) represented the ‘normative’ group with low probabilities for all items. Discussion: The results support the hypothesis that a representation in four classes of psychotic-like experiences can also be applied in a help-seeking population.

AB - Purpose: Factor mixture analysis (FMA) and item response mixture models in the general population have shown that the psychosis phenotype has four classes. This study attempted to replicate this finding in help-seeking people accessing mental health services for symptoms of non-psychotic mental disorders. Methods: All patients (18–35 years old) referred for nonpsychotic mental health problems to the secondary mental healthcare service in The Hague between February 2008 to February 2010 (N = 3,694), were included. Patients completed the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ). Hybrid latent class analysis was applied to explore the number, size and symptom profiles of the classes. Results: The FMA resulted in four classes. Class 1 (N = 1,039, 28.1 %) scored high on conceptual disorganization, inattention and mood disorder. Patients in Class 2 (N = 619, 16.8 %) endorsed almost all PQ-items, were more often screened as being psychotic or at high risk of developing psychosis, without care takers noticing. In Class 3 (N = 1,747, 47.3 %) perplexity, paranoia and negative symptoms were more prevalent. Patients were more often at high risk of developing psychosis. Class 4 (N = 286, 7.7 %) represented the ‘normative’ group with low probabilities for all items. Discussion: The results support the hypothesis that a representation in four classes of psychotic-like experiences can also be applied in a help-seeking population.

KW - Health sciences

KW - psychosis continuum

KW - General help-seeking population

KW - Prodromal symptoms

KW - Psychotic-like experiences

KW - Psychology

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84897741229&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s00127-013-0772-1

DO - 10.1007/s00127-013-0772-1

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 24126556

VL - 49

SP - 349

EP - 358

JO - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

JF - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

SN - 0933-7954

IS - 3

ER -