TY - JOUR

T1 - Sustainability performance measurement – a framework for context-specific applications

AU - Damtoft, Nadja Fugleberg

AU - van Liempd, Dennis

AU - Lueg, Rainer

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024, Nadja Fugleberg Damtoft, Dennis van Liempd and Rainer Lueg.

PY - 2025/1/2

Y1 - 2025/1/2

N2 - Purpose: Researchers and practitioners have recently been interested in corporate sustainability performance (CSP). However, knowledge on measuring CSP is limited. Many CSP-measurements are eclectic, without guidance for contextual applications. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that categorizes, explains and evaluates measurements based on their accuracy and precision and provides a guideline for their context-specific application. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a systematic literature review of an initial sample of 1,415 papers. Findings: The final sample of 74 papers suggested four measurement categories: isolated indicators, indicator frameworks, Sustainability Balanced Scorecards (SBSC) and Sustainability Performance Measurement Systems (SPMS). The analysis reveals that isolated indicators are inaccurate and imprecise, limiting their application to organizations with delimited, specific measurements of parts of CSP due to the risk of a GIGO-effect (i.e. low-quality input will always produce low-quality output). CSP-indicator frameworks are imprecise but accurate, making them applicable to organizations that handle a more significant amount of CSP data. They have a risk of greensplashing, i.e. many indicators not connected to the industry, organization or strategy. In contrast, SBSCs are precise but inaccurate and valuable for organizations desiring a comprehensive strategic management tool with limited capacity to handle sustainability issues. They pose a risk of the streetlight effect, where organisations do not measure relevant indicators but what is easy to measure. Originality/value: The ideal CSP-measurement was identified as SPMSs, which are both precise and accurate. SPMSs are useful for organizations with complex, comprehensive, connected and tailored indicators but are methodologically challenging.

AB - Purpose: Researchers and practitioners have recently been interested in corporate sustainability performance (CSP). However, knowledge on measuring CSP is limited. Many CSP-measurements are eclectic, without guidance for contextual applications. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that categorizes, explains and evaluates measurements based on their accuracy and precision and provides a guideline for their context-specific application. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a systematic literature review of an initial sample of 1,415 papers. Findings: The final sample of 74 papers suggested four measurement categories: isolated indicators, indicator frameworks, Sustainability Balanced Scorecards (SBSC) and Sustainability Performance Measurement Systems (SPMS). The analysis reveals that isolated indicators are inaccurate and imprecise, limiting their application to organizations with delimited, specific measurements of parts of CSP due to the risk of a GIGO-effect (i.e. low-quality input will always produce low-quality output). CSP-indicator frameworks are imprecise but accurate, making them applicable to organizations that handle a more significant amount of CSP data. They have a risk of greensplashing, i.e. many indicators not connected to the industry, organization or strategy. In contrast, SBSCs are precise but inaccurate and valuable for organizations desiring a comprehensive strategic management tool with limited capacity to handle sustainability issues. They pose a risk of the streetlight effect, where organisations do not measure relevant indicators but what is easy to measure. Originality/value: The ideal CSP-measurement was identified as SPMSs, which are both precise and accurate. SPMSs are useful for organizations with complex, comprehensive, connected and tailored indicators but are methodologically challenging.

KW - Balanced scorecard

KW - ESG

KW - Measurement

KW - Sustainability

KW - Sustainability performance

KW - Systematic literature review

KW - Management studies

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85194528795&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/13ff490e-5d4f-33f1-b0df-ca5c13c5dca6/

U2 - 10.1108/JGR-05-2023-0082

DO - 10.1108/JGR-05-2023-0082

M3 - Journal articles

AN - SCOPUS:85194528795

VL - 16

SP - 162

EP - 201

JO - Journal of Global Responsibility

JF - Journal of Global Responsibility

SN - 2041-2568

IS - 1

ER -