TY - JOUR

T1 - Random measurement and prediction errors limit the practical relevance of two velocity sensors to estimate the 1RM back squat

AU - Warneke, Konstantin

AU - Skratek, Josua

AU - Wagner, Carl Maximilian

AU - Wirth, Klaus

AU - Keiner, Michael

N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2024 Warneke, Skratek, Wagner, Wirth and Keiner.

PY - 2024/9/10

Y1 - 2024/9/10

N2 - Introduction: While maximum strength diagnostics are applied in several sports and rehabilitative settings, dynamic strength capacity has been determined via the one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing for decades. Because the literature concerned several limitations, such as injury risk and limited practical applicability in large populations (e.g., athletic training groups), the strength prediction via the velocity profile has received increasing attention recently. Referring to relative reliability coefficients and inappropriate interpretation of agreement statistics, several previous recommendations neglected systematic and random measurement bias. Methods: This article explored the random measurement error arising from repeated testing (repeatability) and the agreement between two common sensors (vMaxPro and TENDO) within one repetition, using minimal velocity thresholds as well as the velocity = 0 m/s method. Furthermore, agreement analyses were applied to the estimated and measured 1RM in 25 young elite male soccer athletes. Results: The results reported repeatability values with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.66–0.80, which was accompanied by mean absolute (percentage) errors (MAE and MAPE) of up to 0.04–0.22 m/s and ≤7.5%. Agreement between the two sensors within one repetition showed a systematic lower velocity for the vMaxPro device than the Tendo, with ICCs ranging from 0.28 to 0.88, which were accompanied by an MAE/MAPE of ≤0.13 m/s (11%). Almost all estimations systematically over/ underestimated the measured 1RM, with a random scattering between 4.12% and 71.6%, depending on the velocity threshold used. Discussion: In agreement with most actual reviews, the presented results call for caution when using velocity profiles to estimate strength. Further approaches must be explored to minimize especially the random scattering.

AB - Introduction: While maximum strength diagnostics are applied in several sports and rehabilitative settings, dynamic strength capacity has been determined via the one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing for decades. Because the literature concerned several limitations, such as injury risk and limited practical applicability in large populations (e.g., athletic training groups), the strength prediction via the velocity profile has received increasing attention recently. Referring to relative reliability coefficients and inappropriate interpretation of agreement statistics, several previous recommendations neglected systematic and random measurement bias. Methods: This article explored the random measurement error arising from repeated testing (repeatability) and the agreement between two common sensors (vMaxPro and TENDO) within one repetition, using minimal velocity thresholds as well as the velocity = 0 m/s method. Furthermore, agreement analyses were applied to the estimated and measured 1RM in 25 young elite male soccer athletes. Results: The results reported repeatability values with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.66–0.80, which was accompanied by mean absolute (percentage) errors (MAE and MAPE) of up to 0.04–0.22 m/s and ≤7.5%. Agreement between the two sensors within one repetition showed a systematic lower velocity for the vMaxPro device than the Tendo, with ICCs ranging from 0.28 to 0.88, which were accompanied by an MAE/MAPE of ≤0.13 m/s (11%). Almost all estimations systematically over/ underestimated the measured 1RM, with a random scattering between 4.12% and 71.6%, depending on the velocity threshold used. Discussion: In agreement with most actual reviews, the presented results call for caution when using velocity profiles to estimate strength. Further approaches must be explored to minimize especially the random scattering.

KW - measurement error

KW - reliability

KW - strength estimation

KW - velocity profile

KW - velocity-based training

KW - Physical education and sports

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85204720616&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/6dfb985c-1abb-3be3-a137-2a9657111449/

U2 - 10.3389/fphys.2024.1435103

DO - 10.3389/fphys.2024.1435103

M3 - Journal articles

C2 - 39318360

AN - SCOPUS:85204720616

VL - 15

JO - Frontiers in Physiology

JF - Frontiers in Physiology

SN - 1664-042X

M1 - 1435103

ER -