TY - JOUR

T1 - Precipitation distribution in mechanically alloyed Al-Cu-Li powders processed via friction consolidation

AU - Chan, Chang Yin Cheng

AU - Suhuddin, Uceu F.H.R.

AU - Maawad, Emad

AU - Mordridge, Mark T.

AU - Klusemann, Benjamin

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Authors

PY - 2025/11

Y1 - 2025/11

N2 - Friction consolidation (FC) was deployed to illustrate the mechanical alloying effect of Al-Cu, Al-Li, and pure Cu powder through phase transformation behavior. A progressive material flow from the periphery to the center of the FC die was witnessed, along with expansion perpendicular to the direction of rotation, indicating various degrees of alloying. Two types of precipitate, δ′Al3Li and T1(Al2CuLi), were identified, exhibiting different distributions, attributed to variations in Cu content and thermo-mechanical processing. Mechanical tests showed slight anisotropic mechanical properties of the consolidated samples. By estimating the precipitate strengthening effect using physical models, the strengthening of δ′ was found to be more prominent than that of T1, which might be more prone to strain localization. Overall, the results demonstrate the feasibility of FC in processing Al-Cu-Li alloys and serve as basis for further improvements in the final product through the addition of minor alloying elements, demonstrating an energy-efficient manufacturing process for such alloys.

AB - Friction consolidation (FC) was deployed to illustrate the mechanical alloying effect of Al-Cu, Al-Li, and pure Cu powder through phase transformation behavior. A progressive material flow from the periphery to the center of the FC die was witnessed, along with expansion perpendicular to the direction of rotation, indicating various degrees of alloying. Two types of precipitate, δ′Al3Li and T1(Al2CuLi), were identified, exhibiting different distributions, attributed to variations in Cu content and thermo-mechanical processing. Mechanical tests showed slight anisotropic mechanical properties of the consolidated samples. By estimating the precipitate strengthening effect using physical models, the strengthening of δ′ was found to be more prominent than that of T1, which might be more prone to strain localization. Overall, the results demonstrate the feasibility of FC in processing Al-Cu-Li alloys and serve as basis for further improvements in the final product through the addition of minor alloying elements, demonstrating an energy-efficient manufacturing process for such alloys.

KW - Aluminum alloys

KW - Friction consolidation

KW - High-energy X-ray diffraction

KW - Mechanical alloying

KW - Precipitation strengthening

KW - Engineering

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105018046166&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114847

DO - 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114847

M3 - Journal articles

AN - SCOPUS:105018046166

VL - 259

JO - Materials and Design

JF - Materials and Design

SN - 0264-1275

M1 - 114847

ER -