This chapter examines the treatment of national self-determination or the so-called “national question” in theories and recent exhibitions that attempt to theorize and historicize art since the 1960s. Beginning with a critique of philosopher Peter Osborne’s historical ontology of postconceptual art, the essay considers how the national question mediates the relationship between art and the social forms that capital assumes in the work of an older generation of Latin American theorists, such as Ticio Escobar and Néstor García Canclini. It concludes with a critical discussion of the periodizing theses of two recent exhibitions, Memories of Underdevelopment: Art and the Decolonial Turn in Latin America, 1960-1985 (2017) and Pop América (2018), which make opposing claims on the regional and national determination of contemporary art and capitalism.