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More losses than gains during one century of plant biodiversity change in Germany

Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › begutachtet

Authors

  • Ute Jandt
  • Helge Bruelheide
  • Florian Jansen
  • Aletta Bonn
  • Volker Grescho
  • Reinhard A. Klenke
  • Francesco Maria Sabatini
  • Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
  • Volker Blüml
  • Jürgen Dengler
  • Martin Diekmann
  • Inken Doerfler
  • Ute Döring
  • Stefan Dullinger
  • Thilo Heinken
  • Peter Horchler
  • Gisbert Kuhn
  • Martin Lindner
  • Katrin Metze
  • Norbert Müller
  • Tobias Naaf
  • Cord Peppler-Lisbach
  • Peter Poschlod
  • Christiane Roscher
  • Gert Rosenthal
  • Sabine B. Rumpf
  • Wolfgang Schmidt
  • Joachim Schrautzer
  • Angelika Schwabe
  • Peter Schwartze
  • Thomas Sperle
  • Nils Stanik
  • Christian Storm
  • Winfried Voigt
  • Uwe Wegener
  • Karsten Wesche
  • Burghard Wittig
  • Monika Wulf
Long-term analyses of biodiversity data highlight a ‘biodiversity conservation paradox’: biological communities show substantial species turnover over the past century1,2, but changes in species richness are marginal1,3,4,5. Most studies, however, have focused only on the incidence of species, and have not considered changes in local abundance. Here we asked whether analysing changes in the cover of plant species could reveal previously unrecognized patterns of biodiversity change and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms. We compiled and analysed a dataset of 7,738 permanent and semi-permanent vegetation plots from Germany that were surveyed between 2 and 54 times from 1927 to 2020, in total comprising 1,794 species of vascular plants. We found that decrements in cover, averaged across all species and plots, occurred more often than increments; that the number of species that decreased in cover was higher than the number of species that increased; and that decrements were more equally distributed among losers than were gains among winners. Null model simulations confirmed that these trends do not emerge by chance, but are the consequence of species-specific negative effects of environmental changes. In the long run, these trends might result in substantial losses of species at both local and regional scales. Summarizing the changes by decade shows that the inequality in the mean change in species cover of losers and winners diverged as early as the 1960s. We conclude that changes in species cover in communities represent an important but understudied dimension of biodiversity change that should more routinely be considered in time-series analyses.
Titel in ÜbersetzungMehr Verluste als Gewinne während eines Jahrhunderts des Wandels pflanzlicher Biodiversität in Deutschland
OriginalspracheEnglisch
ZeitschriftNature
Jahrgang611
Ausgabenummer7936
Seiten (von - bis)512-518
Anzahl der Seiten7
ISSN0028-0836
DOIs
PublikationsstatusErschienen - 17.11.2022
Extern publiziertJa

Bibliographische Notiz

Funding Information:
We are grateful to the surveyors who recorded vegetation in the field and provided these data. We acknowledge the data contributors who made their data available to us or helped in recording these data: T. Dittmann, A. Erfmeier, B. Gerken, K. Günther, S. Heinz, W. Hakes, H. Heklau, A. Henrichfreise, E. Hüllbusch, A. Huwer, A. Immoor, S. L. Kühn, B. Krause, S. Leonhardt, J. Reinecke, U. Scheidel, I. Vollmer and E. Wagner. We thank D. Bowler for her analysis of spatial representativeness; V. Hahn and S. Bernhard for their advice on Figs. 2 and 3 ; and T. Muer, the Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaft and the Haupt Verlag for the permit to use the photographs from Floraweb.de for Fig. 4. We appreciate the support for the strategic project sMon by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG-FZT 118, 202548816).

Funding Information:
We are grateful to the surveyors who recorded vegetation in the field and provided these data. We acknowledge the data contributors who made their data available to us or helped in recording these data: T. Dittmann, A. Erfmeier, B. Gerken, K. Günther, S. Heinz, W. Hakes, H. Heklau, A. Henrichfreise, E. Hüllbusch, A. Huwer, A. Immoor, S. L. Kühn, B. Krause, S. Leonhardt, J. Reinecke, U. Scheidel, I. Vollmer and E. Wagner. We thank D. Bowler for her analysis of spatial representativeness; V. Hahn and S. Bernhard for their advice on Figs. and ; and T. Muer, the Regensburgische Botanische Gesellschaft and the Haupt Verlag for the permit to use the photographs from Floraweb.de for Fig. . We appreciate the support for the strategic project sMon by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG-FZT 118, 202548816).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

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